STAT(1) | General Commands Manual | STAT(1) |
stat
, readlink
—
stat |
[-FLnq ] [-f
format | -l |
-r | -s |
-x ] [-t
timefmt] [file ...] |
readlink |
[-fnqsv ] [file ...] |
stat
utility displays information about the file
pointed to by file. Read, write, or execute permissions
of the named file are not required, but all directories listed in the pathname
leading to the file must be searchable. If no argument is given,
stat
displays information about the file descriptor
for standard input.
When invoked as readlink
, only the target
of the symbolic link is printed. If the given argument is not a symbolic
link and the -f
option is not specified,
readlink
will print nothing and exit with an error.
If the -f
option is specified, the output is
canonicalized by following every symlink in every component of the given
path recursively. readlink
will resolve both
absolute and relative paths, and return the absolute pathname corresponding
to file. In this case, the argument does not need to
be a symbolic link.
The information displayed is obtained by calling lstat(2) with the given argument and evaluating the returned structure. The default format displays the st_dev, st_ino, st_mode, st_nlink, st_uid, st_gid, st_rdev, st_size, st_atime, st_mtime, st_ctime, st_birthtime, st_blksize, st_blocks, and st_flags fields, in that order.
The options are as follows:
-F
-F
implies
-l
.-f
format-L
stat
will refer to the target of
file, if file is a symbolic link, and not to
file itself.-l
ls
-lT
format.-n
-q
readlink
, error messages are automatically
suppressed.-r
-s
readlink
,
suppress error messages. This is equivalent to specifying
FMT="st_dev=%d st_ino=%i st_mode=%#p st_nlink=%l st_uid=%u st_gid=%g" FMT="$FMT st_rdev=%r st_size=%z st_atime=%Sa st_mtime=%Sm st_ctime=%Sc" FMT="$FMT st_birthtime=%SB st_blksize=%k st_blocks=%b st_flags=%f" stat -t %s -f "$FMT" .
-s
output remains valid.-t
timefmt-v
-x
%
, are then followed by a sequence of
formatting characters, and end in a character that selects the field of the
struct stat which is to be formatted. If the %
is
immediately followed by one of n
,
t
, %
, or
@
, then a newline character, a tab character, a
percent character, or the current file number is printed, otherwise the string
is examined for the following:
Any of the following optional flags:
#
+
-
0
+
’ overrides a space if both are
used.Then the following fields:
size
prec
.
’ and a decimal digit string that
indicates the maximum string length, the number of digits to appear after
the decimal point in floating point output, or the minimum number of
digits to appear in numeric output.fmt
D
, O
,
U
, X
,
F
, or S
. These represent
signed decimal output, octal output, unsigned decimal output, hexadecimal
output, floating point output, and string output, respectively. Some
output formats do not apply to all fields. Floating point output only
applies to timespec fields (the a
,
m
, and c
fields).
The special output specifier S
may be
used to indicate that the output, if applicable, should be in string
format. May be used in combination with
amc
dr
gu
p
ls -lTd
.N
T
Y
Y
is a string, but if specified
explicitly, these four characters are prepended.sub
p
, d
,
r
, T
,
N
, and z
output formats.
It can be one of the following:
H
datum
:
M
datum
:
L
datum
:
r
,
d
p
T
ls -F
style output character for file
type (the use of L
here is optional)N
z
datum
d
i
p
l
u
,
g
r
a
,
m
, c
,
B
z
b
k
f
v
The following five field specifiers are not drawn directly from the data in struct stat, but are:
N
R
T
ls -F
or in a more
descriptive form if the sub field specifier H
is given.Y
Z
Only the %
and the field specifier are
required. Most field specifiers default to U
as an
output form, with the exception of p
which defaults
to O
; a
,
m
, and c
which default to
D
; and Y
,
T
, and N
, which default to
S
.
stat
utility exits 0 on success,
and >0 if an error occurs.
> stat /tmp/bar 0 78852 -rw-r--r-- 1 root wheel 0 0 "Jul 8 10:26:03 2004" "Jul 8 10:26:03 2004" "Jul 8 10:28:13 2004" "Jan 1 09:00:00 1970" 16384 0 0 /tmp/bar
This example produces output very similar to that from
find ... -ls
(except that
find(1) displays the time in a
different format, and find(1)
sometimes adds one or more spaces after the comma in
“major,minor” for
device nodes):
> stat -f "%7i %6b %-11Sp %3l %-17Su %-17Sg %9Z %Sm %N%SY" /tmp/bar 78852 0 -rw-r--r-- 1 root wheel 0 Jul 8 10:26:03 2004 /tmp/bar > find /tmp/bar -ls -exit 78852 0 -rw-r--r-- 1 root wheel 0 Jul 8 2004 /tmp/bar
This example produces output very similar to that from
ls -lTd
(except that
ls(1) adjusts the column spacing
differently when listing multiple files, and
ls(1) adds at least one space
after the comma in
“major,minor” for
device nodes):
> stat -f "%-11Sp %l %Su %Sg %Z %Sm %N%SY" /tmp/bar -rw-r--r-- 1 root wheel 0 Jul 8 10:26:03 2004 /tmp/bar > ls -lTd /tmp/bar -rw-r--r-- 1 root wheel 0 Jul 8 10:26:03 2004 /tmp/bar
Given a symbolic link “foo” that points from
/tmp/foo to /, you would use
stat
as follows:
> stat -F /tmp/foo lrwxrwxrwx 1 jschauma cs 1 Apr 24 16:37:28 2002 /tmp/foo@ -> / > stat -LF /tmp/foo drwxr-xr-x 16 root wheel 512 Apr 19 10:57:54 2002 /tmp/foo/
To initialize some shell-variables, you could use the
-s
flag as follows:
> csh % eval set `stat -s .cshrc` % echo $st_size $st_mtime 1148 1015432481 > sh $ eval $(stat -s .profile) $ echo $st_size $st_mtime 1148 1015432481
In order to get a list of the kind of files including files pointed to if the file is a symbolic link, you could use the following format:
$ stat -f "%N: %HT%SY" /tmp/* /tmp/bar: Symbolic Link -> /tmp/foo /tmp/output25568: Regular File /tmp/blah: Directory /tmp/foo: Symbolic Link -> /
In order to get a list of the devices, their types and the major and minor device numbers, formatted with tabs and linebreaks, you could use the following format:
stat -f "Name: %N%n%tType: %HT%n%tMajor: %Hr%n%tMinor: %Lr%n%n" /dev/* [...] Name: /dev/wt8 Type: Block Device Major: 3 Minor: 8 Name: /dev/zero Type: Character Device Major: 2 Minor: 12
In order to determine the permissions set on a file separately, you could use the following format:
> stat -f "%Sp -> owner=%SHp group=%SMp other=%SLp" . drwxr-xr-x -> owner=rwx group=r-x other=r-x
In order to determine the three files that have been modified most recently, you could use the following format:
> stat -f "%m%t%Sm %N" /tmp/* | sort -rn | head -3 | cut -f2- Apr 25 11:47:00 2002 /tmp/blah Apr 25 10:36:34 2002 /tmp/bar Apr 24 16:47:35 2002 /tmp/foo
User names, group names, and file names that contain spaces or
other special characters may be encoded in
vis(3) style, using the
#
modifier:
> ln -s 'target with spaces' 'link with spaces' > stat -f "%#N%#SY" 'link with spaces' link\swith\sspaces -> target\swith\sspaces
stat
utility appeared in NetBSD
1.6.
stat
utility was written by Andrew
Brown ⟨atatat@NetBSD.org⟩. This man page was written by
Jan Schaumann ⟨jschauma@NetBSD.org⟩.
September 19, 2017 | NetBSD 9.4 |