LS(1) | General Commands Manual | LS(1) |
ls
—
ls |
[-1AaBbCcdFfghikLlMmnOoPpqRrSsTtuWwXx ]
[file ...] |
ls
displays its name as well as any
requested, associated information. For each file operand
that names a file of type directory, ls
displays the
names of files contained within that directory, as well as any requested,
associated information.
If no operands are given, the contents of the current directory are displayed. If more than one operand is given, non-directory operands are displayed first; directory and non-directory operands are sorted separately and in lexicographical order.
The following options are available:
-1
-A
.
’ and
‘..
’. Always set for the
super-user.-a
-B
-b
-B
, but use C escape codes whenever
possible.-C
-c
-l
) or
sorting (-t
). Overrides
-u
.-d
-R
if also given.-F
-f
-a
.-g
-l
, except that the owner is not
printed.-h
-l
and -s
options, causing the sizes to be reported in bytes displayed in a human
readable format. Overrides -k
and
-M
.-i
-k
-s
option, causing the sizes to be
reported in kilobytes. Overrides -h
.-L
-l
, for example.-l
-M
-l
and -s
options, causing the sizes or block counts reported to be separated with
commas (or a locale appropriate separator) resulting in a more readable
output. Overrides -h
; does not override
-k
.-m
-n
-l
, except that the owner and group
IDs are displayed numerically rather than converting to a owner or group
name.-O
ls
output.-o
-l
) output. If
no file flags are set, “-” is displayed. (See
chflags(1) for a list of
possible flags and their meanings.)-P
-p
-q
-R
-d
.-r
-S
-s
BLOCKSIZE
(see
ENVIRONMENT) where partial units are
rounded up to the next integer value. If the output is to a terminal, a
total sum for all the file sizes is output on a line before the
listing.-T
-l
(the lowercase letter
“ell”) option, display complete time information for the
file, including month, day, hour, minute, second, and year.-t
-u
-l
) or sorting
(-t
). Overrides -c
.-W
-w
-x
-X
The -B
, -b
,
-q
, and -w
options all
override each other; the last one specified determines the format used for
non-printable characters.
The -1
, -C
,
-g
, -l
,
-m
, and -x
options all
override each other; the last one specified determines the format used with
the exception that if both -l
and
-g
are specified, -l
will
always override -g
, even if
-g
was specified last.
By default, ls
lists one entry per line to
standard output; the exceptions are to terminals or when the
-C
or -m
options are
specified.
File information is displayed with one or more
⟨blank⟩ characters separating the information associated with
the -i
, -l
, and
-s
options.
-l
option is given, the following information is
displayed for each file:
-o
given)In addition, for each directory whose contents are displayed, the
total number of file system blocks in units of 512 bytes or
BLOCKSIZE
(see
ENVIRONMENT) used by the files in the
directory is displayed on a line by itself immediately before the
information for the files in the directory.
If the owner or group names are not a known owner or group name,
or the -n
option is given, the numeric ID's are
displayed.
If the file is a character special or block special file, the major and minor device numbers for the file are displayed in the size field. If the file is a symbolic link the pathname of the linked-to file is preceded by “->”.
The file mode printed under the -l
option
consists of the entry type, owner permissions, group permissions, and other
permissions. The entry type character describes the type of file, as
follows:
The next three fields are three characters each: owner permissions, group permissions, and other permissions. Each field has three character positions:
These next two apply only to the third character in the last group (other permissions).
The number of bytes displayed for a directory is a function of the number of dirent(3) structures in the directory, not all of which may be allocated to any existing file.
ls
:
BLOCKSIZE
BLOCKSIZE
is set, and
the -k
option is not specified, the block counts
(see -l
and -s
) will be
displayed in units of that size block.COLUMNS
ls
utility calculates how many
pathname text columns to display based on the width provided. (See
-C
.)TZ
ls
utility exits 0 on success,
and >0 if an error occurs.
ls
utility is expected to be a superset of the
IEEE Std 1003.2 (“POSIX.2”)
specification.
ls
utility appeared in
Version 1 AT&T UNIX.
August 10, 2016 | NetBSD 9.4 |