up
—
UNIBUS storage module controller/disk drives
sc0 at uba? csr 0176700 vector upintr
up0 at sc0 drive 0
NOTE: This driver has not been ported from 4.4BSD yet.
This is a generic UNIBUS storage module disk driver. It is
specifically designed to work with the Emulex SC-21 and SC-31 controllers.
It can be easily adapted to other controllers (although bootstrapping will
not necessarily be directly possible.)
The script
MAKEDEV(8) should be used
to create the up
special files; consult
mknod(8) if a special file
needs to be made manually. It is recommended as a security precaution to not
create special files for devices which may never be installed.
The driver interrogates the controller's holding register to determine the type
of drive attached. The driver recognizes seven different drives: CDC 9762, CDC
9766, AMPEX DM980, AMPEX 9300, AMPEX Capricorn, FUJITSU 160, and FUJITSU Eagle
(the Eagle is not supported by the SC-21).
Special file names begin with
‘up
’ and
‘rup
’ for the block and character
files respectively. The second component of the name, a drive unit number in
the range of zero to seven, is represented by a
‘?
’ in the disk layouts below. The
last component of the name, the file system partition, is designated by a
letter from ‘a
’ to
‘h
’ which also corresponds to a minor
device number set: zero to seven, eight to 15, 16 to 23 and so forth for
drive zero, drive two and drive three respectively (see
physio(4)). The location
and size (in 512 byte sectors) of the partitions for the above drives:
- CDC 9762 partitions
-
disk |
start |
length |
cyls |
hp?a |
0 |
15884 |
0-99 |
hp?b |
16000 |
33440 |
100-309 |
hp?c |
0 |
131680 |
0-822 |
hp?d |
49600 |
15884 |
309-408 |
hp?e |
65440 |
55936 |
409-758 |
hp?f |
121440 |
10080 |
759-822 |
hp?g |
49600 |
82080 |
309-822 |
- CDC 9766 300M drive partitions
-
disk |
start |
length |
cyl |
up?a |
0 |
15884 |
0-26 |
up?b |
16416 |
33440 |
27-81 |
up?c |
0 |
500384 |
0-822 |
up?d |
341696 |
15884 |
562-588 |
up?e |
358112 |
55936 |
589-680 |
up?f |
414048 |
861760 |
681-822 |
up?g |
341696 |
158528 |
562-822 |
up?h |
49856 |
291346 |
82-561 |
- AMPEX DM980 partitions
-
disk |
start |
length |
cyls |
hp?a |
0 |
15884 |
0-99 |
hp?b |
16000 |
33440 |
100-309 |
hp?c |
0 |
131680 |
0-822 |
hp?d |
49600 |
15884 |
309-408 |
hp?e |
65440 |
55936 |
409-758 |
hp?f |
121440 |
10080 |
759-822 |
hp?g |
49600 |
82080 |
309-822 |
- AMPEX 9300 300M drive partitions
-
disk |
start |
length |
cyl |
up?a |
0 |
15884 |
0-26 |
up?b |
16416 |
33440 |
27-81 |
up?c |
0 |
495520 |
0-814 |
up?d |
341696 |
15884 |
562-588 |
up?e |
358112 |
55936 |
589-680 |
up?f |
414048 |
81312 |
681-814 |
up?g |
341696 |
153664 |
562-814 |
up?h |
49856 |
291346 |
82-561 |
- AMPEX Capricorn 330M drive partitions
-
disk |
start |
length |
cyl |
hp?a |
0 |
15884 |
0-31 |
hp?b |
16384 |
33440 |
32-97 |
hp?c |
0 |
524288 |
0-1023 |
hp?d |
342016 |
15884 |
668-699 |
hp?e |
358400 |
55936 |
700-809 |
hp?f |
414720 |
109408 |
810-1023 |
hp?g |
342016 |
182112 |
668-1023 |
hp?h |
50176 |
291346 |
98-667 |
- FUJITSU 160M drive partitions
-
disk |
start |
length |
cyl |
up?a |
0 |
15884 |
0-49 |
up?b |
16000 |
33440 |
50-154 |
up?c |
0 |
263360 |
0-822 |
up?d |
49600 |
15884 |
155-204 |
up?e |
65600 |
55936 |
205-379 |
up?f |
121600 |
141600 |
380-822 |
up?g |
49600 |
213600 |
155-822 |
- FUJITSU Eagle partitions
-
disk |
start |
length |
cyls |
hp?a |
0 |
15884 |
0-16 |
hp?b |
16320 |
66880 |
17-86 |
hp?c |
0 |
808320 |
0-841 |
hp?d |
375360 |
15884 |
391-407 |
hp?e |
391680 |
55936 |
408-727 |
hp?f |
698880 |
109248 |
728-841 |
hp?g |
375360 |
432768 |
391-841 |
hp?h |
83520 |
291346 |
87-390 |
The up?a partition is normally used for the root file system, the
up?b partition as a paging area, and the up?c partition for pack-pack
copying (it maps the entire disk). On 160M drives the up?g partition maps
the rest of the pack. On other drives both up?g and up?h are used to map the
remaining cylinders.
- /dev/up[0-7][a-h]
- block files
- /dev/rup[0-7][a-h]
- raw files
- up%d%c: hard error %sing fsbn %d[-%d] cs2=%b er1=%b er2=%b.
- An unrecoverable error occurred during transfer of the specified
filesystem block number(s), which are logical block numbers on the
indicated partition. The contents of the cs2, er1 and er2 registers are
printed in octal and symbolically with bits decoded. The error was either
unrecoverable, or a large number of retry attempts (including offset
positioning and drive recalibration) could not recover the error.
- up%d: write locked.
- The write protect switch was set on the drive when a write was attempted.
The write operation is not recoverable.
- up%d: not ready.
- The drive was spun down or off line when it was accessed. The I/O
operation is not recoverable.
- up%d: not ready (flakey).
- The drive was not ready, but after printing the message about being not
ready (which takes a fraction of a second) was ready. The operation is
recovered if no further errors occur.
- up%d%c: soft ecc reading fsbn %d[-%d].
- A recoverable ECC error occurred on the specified sector of the specified
disk partition. This happens normally a few times a week. If it happens
more frequently than this the sectors where the errors are occurring
should be checked to see if certain cylinders on the pack, spots on the
carriage of the drive or heads are indicated.
- sc%d: lost interrupt.
- A timer watching the controller detecting no interrupt for an extended
period while an operation was outstanding. This indicates a hardware or
software failure. There is currently a hardware/software problem with
spinning down drives while they are being accessed which causes this error
to occur. The error causes a UNIBUS reset, and retry of the pending
operations. If the controller continues to lose interrupts, this error
will recur a few seconds later.
The up
driver appeared in
4.0BSD.
A program to analyze the logged error information (even in its present reduced
form) is needed.
The partition tables for the file systems should be read off of
each pack, as they are never quite what any single installation would
prefer, and this would make packs more portable.