USERADD(8) | System Manager's Manual | USERADD(8)

# NAME

`useradd` —
add a user to the system

# SYNOPSIS

`useradd` | `-D` [`-F`] [`-b` base-dir] [`-e` expiry-time] [`-f` inactive-time] [`-g` gid | name | `=uid`] [`-k` skel-dir] [`-L` login-class] [`-M` home-perm] [`-r` lowuid`..`highuid] [`-s` shell]

`useradd` | [`-moSv`] [`-b` base-dir] [`-c` comment] [`-d` home-dir] [`-e` expiry-time] [`-f` inactive-time] [`-G` secondary-group] [`-g` gid | name | `=uid`] [`-k` skel-dir] [`-L` login-class] [`-M` home-perm] [`-p` password] [`-r` lowuid`..`highuid] [`-s` shell] [`-u` uid] user

# DESCRIPTION

The `useradd` utility adds a user to the system, creating and populating a home directory if necessary. Any skeleton files will be provided for the new user if they exist in the skel-dir directory (see the `-k` option). Default values for the base directory, the time of password expiry, the time of account expiry, primary group, the skeleton directory, the range from which the uid will be allocated, and default login shell can be provided in the /etc/usermgmt.conf file, which, if running as root, is created using the built-in defaults if it does not exist.

The first form of the command shown above (using the `-D` option) sets and displays the defaults for the `useradd` utility.

See user(8) for more information about `EXTENSIONS`.

`-b` base-dir
  Set the default base directory. This is the directory to which the user directory is added, which will be created if the `-m` option is specified and no `-d` option is specified.
`-D`
  without any further options, `-D` will show the current defaults which will be used by the `useradd` utility. Together with one of the options shown for the first version of the command, `-D` will set the default to be the new value. See usermgmt.conf(5) for more information.
`-e` expiry-time
  Set the time at which the new user accounts will expire. It should be entered in the form “month day year”, where month is the month name (the first three characters are sufficient), day is the day of the month, and year is the year. Time in seconds since the epoch (UTC) is also valid. A value of 0 can be used to disable this feature.
`-F`
  Force the user to change their password upon next login.
`-f` inactive-time
  Set the time at which passwords for the new user accounts will expire. Also see the `-e` option above.
`-g` gid | groupname | `=uid`
  Set the default group for new users.
`-k` skel-dir
  Set the skeleton directory in which to find files with which to populate new users' home directories.
`-L` login-class
  Set the default login class for new users. See login.conf(5) for more information on user login classes. This option is included if built with `EXTENSIONS`.
`-M` home-perm
  sets the default permissions of the newly created home directory if `-m` is given. The permission is specified as an octal number, with or without a leading zero.
`-r` lowuid`..`highuid
  Set the low and high bounds of uid ranges for new users. A new user can only be created if there are uids which can be assigned from one of the free ranges. This option is included if built with `EXTENSIONS`.
`-s` shell
  Set the default login shell for new users.

In the second form of the command, after setting any defaults, and then reading values from /etc/usermgmt.conf, the following command line options are processed:

`-b` base-directory
  Set the base directory name, in which the user's new home directory will be created, should the `-m` option be specified.
`-c` comment
  Set the comment field (also, for historical reasons known as the GECOS field) which will be added for the user, and typically will include the user's full name, and, perhaps, contact information for the user.
`-d` home-directory
  Set the home directory which will be created and populated for the user, should the `-m` option be specified.
`-e` expiry-time
  Set the time at which the current password will expire for new users. It should be entered in the form “month day year”, where month is the month name (the first three characters are sufficient), day is the day of the month, and year is the year. Time in seconds since the epoch (UTC) is also valid. A value of 0 can be used to disable this feature. See passwd(5) for more details.
`-f` inactive-time
  Set the time at which new user accounts will expire. Also see the `-e` option above.
`-G` secondary-group
  Add the user to the secondary group secondary-group in the /etc/group file. The secondary-group may be a comma-delimited list for multiple groups. Or the option may be repeated for multiple groups. (16 groups maximum.)
`-g` gid | name | `=uid`
  Give the group name or identifier to be used for the new user's primary group. If this is ‘`=uid`’, then a uid and gid will be picked which are both unique and the same, and a line added to /etc/group to describe the new group.
`-k` skeleton directory
  Give the skeleton directory in which to find files with which to populate the new user's home directory.
`-L` login-class
  Set the login class for the user being created. See login.conf(5) for more information on user login classes. This option is included if built with `EXTENSIONS`.
`-M` home-perm
  sets the permissions of the newly created home directory if `-m` is given. The permission is specified as an octal number, with or without a leading zero.
`-m`
  Create a new home directory for the new user.
`-o`
  Allow the new user to have a uid which is already in use for another user.
`-p` password
  Specify an already-encrypted password for the new user. Encrypted passwords can be generated with pwhash(1). The password can be changed later by using chpass(1) or passwd(1). This option is included if built with `EXTENSIONS`.
`-S`
  Allow samba user names with a trailing dollar sign to be added to the system. This option is included if built with `EXTENSIONS`.
`-s` shell
  Specify the login shell for the new user.
`-u` uid
  Specify a uid for the new user. Boundaries for this value can be preset for all users by using the range field in the /etc/usermgmt.conf file.
`-v`
  Enable verbose mode - explain the commands as they are executed. This option is included if built with `EXTENSIONS`.

Once the information has been verified, `useradd` uses pwd_mkdb(8) to update the user database. This is run in the background, and, at very large sites could take several minutes. Until this update is completed, the password file is unavailable for other updates and the new information is not available to programs.

# FILES

/etc/usermgmt.conf
/etc/skel/*
/etc/login.conf

# EXIT STATUS

The `useradd` utility exits 0 on success, and >0 if an error occurs.

# SEE ALSO

chpass(1), passwd(1), pwhash(1), group(5), login.conf(5), passwd(5), usermgmt.conf(5), pwd_mkdb(8), user(8), userdel(8), usermod(8)

# HISTORY

The `useradd` utility first appeared in NetBSD 1.5. It is based on the addnerd package by the same author.

# AUTHORS

The `useradd` utility was written by Alistair G. Crooks ⟨agc@NetBSD.org⟩.

Support for setting permissions of home directories was added by Hubert Feyrer.

January 13, 2009 | NetBSD 9.4