GPIO(4) | Device Drivers Manual | GPIO(4)

# NAME

`gpio` —
General Purpose Input/Output

# SYNOPSIS

`gpio* at elansc?`
`gpio* at epgpio?`
`gpio* at gcscpcib?`
`gpio* at gpiosim?`
`gpio* at gscpcib?`
`gpio* at ichlpcib?`
`gpio* at nsclpcsio?`
`gpio* at soekrisgpio?`
`gpio* at ppbus?`
`gpio* at ptcd?`
`gpio* at wbsio?`

`#include <sys/types.h>`
`#include <sys/gpio.h>`
`#include <sys/ioctl.h>`

# DESCRIPTION

The `gpio` device attaches to the GPIO controller and provides a uniform programming interface to its pins.

Each GPIO controller with an attached `gpio` device has an associated device file under the /dev directory, e.g. /dev/gpio0. Access from userland is performed through ioctl(2) calls on these devices.

Whether the layout of the GPIO device can be configured is subject to authorization by the kauth(9) framework.

If for example secmodel_securelevel(9) is active, the layout of the GPIO device is defined at a securelevel less than 1, i.e. typically during system boot, and cannot be changed later. GPIO pins can be configured and given a symbolic name and device drivers that use GPIO pins can be attached to the `gpio` device at a securelevel less than 1. All other pins will not be accessible once the runlevel has been raised.

# IOCTL INTERFACE

The following structures and constants are defined in the `<sys/gpio.h>` header file:

`GPIOINFO` (`struct gpio_info`)
  Returns information about the GPIO controller in the gpio_info structure:

      struct gpio_info {
      	int gpio_npins;		/* total number of pins available */
      };

`GPIOREAD` (`struct gpio_req`)
  Returns the input pin value in the gpio_req structure:

      #define GPIOMAXNAME		64

      struct gpio_req {
      	char gp_name[GPIOMAXNAME];	/* pin name */
      	int gp_pin;			/* pin number */
      	int gp_value;			/* value */
      };

  The gp_name or gp_pin field must be set before calling. If both are set, gp_name takes precedence. On return, the gp_name field contains the current name of the pin, if set by the controller driver or an earlier call to `GPIOSET`.

`GPIOWRITE` (`struct gpio_req`)
  Writes the output value to the pin. The value set in the gp_value field must be either `GPIO_PIN_LOW` (logical 0) or `GPIO_PIN_HIGH` (logical 1). On return, the gp_value field contains the old pin state.

`GPIOTOGGLE` (`struct gpio_req`)
  Toggles the pin output value, i.e. changes it to the opposite. gp_value field is ignored and on return contains the old pin state.

`GPIOSET` (`struct gpio_set`)
  Changes pin configuration flags with the new ones provided in the gpio_set structure:

      #define GPIOMAXNAME          64

      struct gpio_set {
              char gp_name[GPIOMAXNAME];   /* pin name */
              int gp_pin;                     /* pin number */
              int gp_caps;                    /* pin capabilities (ro) */
              int gp_flags;                   /* pin configuration flags */
              char gp_name2[GPIOMAXNAME];  /* new name */
      };

  The gp_flags field is a combination of the following flags:

  `GPIO_PIN_INPUT`
    input direction
  `GPIO_PIN_OUTPUT`
    output direction
  `GPIO_PIN_INOUT`
    bi-directional
  `GPIO_PIN_OPENDRAIN`
    open-drain output
  `GPIO_PIN_PUSHPULL`
    push-pull output
  `GPIO_PIN_TRISTATE`
    output disabled
  `GPIO_PIN_PULLUP`
    internal pull-up enabled
  `GPIO_PIN_PULLDOWN`
    internal pull-down enabled
  `GPIO_PIN_INVIN`
    invert input
  `GPIO_PIN_INVOUT`
    invert output
  `GPIO_PIN_PULSATE`
    pulsate output
  `GPIO_PIN_ALT0 -`
  `GPIO_PIN_ALT7`
    select alternate pin function 0 to 7

  Note that the GPIO controller may not support all of these flags. On return the gp_caps field contains flags that are supported. If no flags are specified, the pin configuration stays unchanged.

  Only GPIO pins that have been set using GPIOSET will be accessible at securelevels greater than 0.

`GPIOUNSET` (`struct gpio_set`)
  Unset the specified pin, i.e. clear its name and make it inaccessible at securelevels greater than 0.

`GPIOATTACH` (`struct gpio_attach`)
  Attach the device described in the gpio_attach structure on this gpio device.

      struct gpio_attach {
              char ga_dvname[16];     /* device name */
              int ga_offset;          /* pin number */
              uint32_t ga_mask;       /* binary mask */
              uint32_t ga_flags;      /* driver dependent */
      };

  The drvctl(8) command can be used to detach a device from a gpio pin.

# FILES

/dev/gpiou
  GPIO device unit u file.

# SEE ALSO

ioctl(2), drvctl(8), gpioctl(8)

# HISTORY

The `gpio` device first appeared in OpenBSD 3.6 and NetBSD 4.0.

# AUTHORS

The `gpio` driver was written by Alexander Yurchenko <grange@openbsd.org>. `gpio` was ported to NetBSD by Jared D. McNeill <jmcneill@NetBSD.org>. Runtime device attachment was added by Marc Balmer <marc@msys.ch>.

# BUGS

Event capabilities are not supported.

May 4, 2021 | NetBSD 10.1