WG(4) | Device Drivers Manual | WG(4) |
wg
— virtual
private network tunnel (EXPERIMENTAL)
pseudo-device wg
The wg
interface implements a
roaming-capable virtual private network tunnel, configured with
ifconfig(8) and
wgconfig(8).
WARNING:
wg
is experimental.
Packets exchanged on a wg
interface are
authenticated and encrypted with a secret key negotiated with the peer, and
the encapsulation is exchanged over IP or IPv6 using UDP.
Every wg
interface can be configured with
an IP address using
ifconfig(8), a private key
generated with
wg-keygen(8), an optional
listen port, and a collection of peers.
Each peer configured on an wg
interface
has a public key and a range of IP addresses the peer is allowed to use for
its wg
interface inside the tunnel. Each peer may
also optionally have a preshared secret key and a fixed endpoint IP address
outside the tunnel.
Typical network topology:
Stationary server: Roaming client: +---------+ +---------+ | A | | B | |---------| |---------| | | 192.0.2.123 198.51.100.45 | | | [wm0]----------internet-----------[bge0] | | [wg0] port 1234 - - - (tunnel) - - - - - - [wg0] | | 10.2.0.1 | 10.2.0.42 | | fd00:2::1 | fd00:2::42 | | | | | | +--[wm1]--+ +-----------------+ +---------+ | 10.1.0.1 | VPN 10.2.0.0/24 | | | fd00:2::/64 | | +-----------------+ +-----------------+ | LAN 10.1.0.0/24 | | fd00:1::/64 | +-----------------+
Generate key pairs on A and B:
A# (umask 0077; wg-keygen > /etc/wg/wg0) A# wg-keygen --pub < /etc/wg/wg0 > /etc/wg/wg0.pub A# cat /etc/wg/wg0.pub N+B4Nelg+4ysvbLW3qenxIwrJVE9MdjMyqrIisH7V0Y= B# (umask 0077; wg-keygen > /etc/wg/wg0) B# wg-keygen --pub < /etc/wg/wg0 > /etc/wg/wg0.pub B# cat /etc/wg/wg0.pub X7EGm3T3IfodBcyilkaC89j0SH3XD6+/pwvp7Dgp5SU=
Generate a pre-shared key on A and copy it to B to defend against potential future quantum cryptanalysis (not necessary for functionality):
A# (umask 0077; wg-keygen > /etc/wg/wg0.A-B)
Configure A to listen on port 1234 and allow connections from B to appear in the 10.2.0.0/24 and fd00:2::/64 subnets:
A# ifconfig wg0 create A# ifconfig wg0 inet 10.2.0.1/24 A# ifconfig wg0 inet6 fd00:2::1/64 A# wgconfig wg0 set private-key /etc/wg/wg0 A# wgconfig wg0 set listen-port 1234 A# wgconfig wg0 add peer B \ X7EGm3T3IfodBcyilkaC89j0SH3XD6+/pwvp7Dgp5SU= \ --preshared-key=/etc/wg/wg0.A-B \ --allowed-ips=10.2.0.42/32,fd00:2::42/128 A# ifconfig wg0 up A# ifconfig wg0 wg0: flags=0x8041<UP,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1420 status: active inet6 fe80::22f7:d6ff:fe3a:1e60%wg0/64 flags 0 scopeid 0x3 inet6 fd00:2::1/64 flags 0 inet 10.2.0.1/24 flags 0
You can put all these commands in /etc/ifconfig.wg0 so that the interface gets configured automatically during startup:
A# cat /etc/ifconfig.wg0 net 10.2.0.1/24 inet6 fd00:2::1/64 !wgconfig $int set private-key /etc/wg/wg0 !wgconfig $int set listen-port 1234 !wgconfig $int add peer B X7EGm3T3IfodBcyilkaC89j0SH3XD6+/pwvp7Dgp5SU= \ --preshared-key=/etc/wg/wg0.A-B \ --allowed-ips=10.2.0.42/32,fd00:2::1/128 up
Configure B to connect to A at 192.0.2.123 on port 1234 and the packets can begin to flow:
B# ifconfig wg0 create B# ifconfig wg0 inet 10.2.0.42/24 B# ifconfig wg0 inet6 fd00:2::42/64 B# wgconfig wg0 set private-key /etc/wg/wg0 B# wgconfig wg0 add peer A \ N+B4Nelg+4ysvbLW3qenxIwrJVE9MdjMyqrIisH7V0Y= \ --preshared-key=/etc/wg/wg0.A-B \ --allowed-ips=10.2.0.1/32,fd00:2::1/128 \ --endpoint=192.0.2.123:1234 B# ifconfig wg0 up B# ifconfig wg0 wg0: flags=0x8041<UP,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1420 status: active inet6 fe80::56eb:59ff:fe3d:d413%wg0/64 flags 0 scopeid 0x3 inet6 fd00:2::42/64 flags 0 inet 10.2.0.42/24 flags 0 B# ping -n 10.2.0.1 PING 10.2.0.1 (10.2.0.1): 56 data bytes 64 bytes from 10.2.0.1: icmp_seq=0 ttl=255 time=2.721110 ms ... B# ping6 -n fd00:2::1 PING6(56=40+8+8 bytes) fd00:2::42 --> fd00:2::1 16 bytes from fd00:2::1, icmp_seq=0 hlim=64 time=2.634 ms ...
Same as before, you can put all these commands in /etc/ifconfig.wg0 so that the interface gets configured automatically during startup:
B# cat /etc/ifconfig.wg0 inet 10.2.0.42/24 inet6 fd00:2::42/64 !wgconfig $int set private-key /etc/wg/wg0 !wgconfig $int add peer A N+B4Nelg+4ysvbLW3qenxIwrJVE9MdjMyqrIisH7V0Y= \ --preshared-key=/etc/wg/wg0.A-B \ --allowed-ips=10.2.0.1/32,fd00:2::1/128 \ --endpoint=192.0.2.123:1234 up
The wg
interface aims to be compatible
with the WireGuard protocol, as described in:
Jason A. Donenfeld, WireGuard: Next Generation Kernel Network Tunnel, https://web.archive.org/web/20180805103233/https://www.wireguard.com/papers/wireguard.pdf, 2018-06-30, Document ID: 4846ada1492f5d92198df154f48c3d54205657bc.
The wg
interface first appeared in
NetBSD 10.0.
The wg
interface was implemented by
Ryota Ozaki
<ozaki.ryota@gmail.com>.
December 16, 2024 | NetBSD 10.99 |