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desc
@@


1.9
log
@libarchive: updated to 3.7.2

Libarchive 3.7.2 is a security, bugfix and feature release.

Security fixes:

Multiple vulnerabilities have been fixed in the PAX writer (1b4e0d0)
Important bugfixes:

bsdunzip(1) now correctly handles arguments following an -x after the zipfile
New features:

bsdunzip(1) now supports the "--version" flag
7-zip reader now translates Windows permissions into UNIX permissions
uudecode filter in raw mode now supports file name and file mode
zstd filter now supports the "long" write option


Libarchive 3.7.1 is a security, feature and bugfix release.

Security fixes:

SEGV and stack buffer overflow in verbose mode of cpio
Feature updates:

bsdunzip updated to match latest upstream code
Important bugfixes:

miscellaneous functional bugfixes
build fixes on multiple platforms


Libarchive 3.7.0 is a feature and bugfix release.

New features:

bsdunzip: new tool ported from FreeBSD
drop-in replacement for Info-ZIP unzip, not yet ported for Windows
7zip reader: support for Zstandard compression
7zip reader: support for ARM64 filter
zstd filter: support for multi-frame zstd archives
Other notable bugfixes and improvements:

pax: fix year 2038 problem on platforms with 64-bit time_t
Windows: Universal Windows Platform (UWP) fixes and improvements
Windows: bcrypt usage fixes and improvements
Windows: time function usage fixes and improvements
@
text
@CPIO(1) manual page 
== NAME == 
'''cpio''' 
- copy files to and from archives 
== SYNOPSIS == 
<br> 
'''cpio''' 
-i 
<nowiki>[</nowiki>''options''<nowiki>]</nowiki> 
<nowiki>[</nowiki>''pattern'' ...<nowiki>]</nowiki> 
<nowiki>[</nowiki>''&lt;'' archive<nowiki>]</nowiki> 
<br> 
'''cpio''' 
-o 
<nowiki>[</nowiki>''options''<nowiki>]</nowiki> 
''&lt;'' name-list 
<nowiki>[</nowiki>''>'' archive<nowiki>]</nowiki> 
<br> 
'''cpio''' 
-p 
<nowiki>[</nowiki>''options''<nowiki>]</nowiki> 
''dest-dir'' 
''&lt;'' name-list 
== DESCRIPTION == 
'''cpio''' 
copies files between archives and directories. 
This implementation can extract from tar, pax, cpio, zip, jar, ar, 
and ISO 9660 cdrom images and can create tar, pax, cpio, ar, 
and shar archives. 

The first option to 
'''cpio''' 
is a mode indicator from the following list: 
<dl> 
<dt>-i</dt><dd> 
Input. 
Read an archive from standard input (unless overridden) and extract the 
contents to disk or (if the 
-t 
option is specified) 
list the contents to standard output. 
If one or more file patterns are specified, only files matching 
one of the patterns will be extracted. 
</dd><dt>-o</dt><dd> 
Output. 
Read a list of filenames from standard input and produce a new archive 
on standard output (unless overridden) containing the specified items. 
</dd><dt>-p</dt><dd> 
Pass-through. 
Read a list of filenames from standard input and copy the files to the 
specified directory. 
</dd></dl> 
== OPTIONS == 
Unless specifically stated otherwise, options are applicable in 
all operating modes. 
<dl> 
<dt>-0, --null</dt><dd> 
Read filenames separated by NUL characters instead of newlines. 
This is necessary if any of the filenames being read might contain newlines. 
</dd><dt>-6, --pwb</dt><dd> 
When reading a binary format archive, assume it's the earlier one, 
from the PWB variant of 6th Edition UNIX. 
When writing a cpio archive, use the PWB format. 
</dd><dt>-7, --binary</dt><dd> 
(o mode only) 
When writing a cpio archive, use the (newer, non-PWB) binary format. 
</dd><dt>-A</dt><dd> 
(o mode only) 
Append to the specified archive. 
(Not yet implemented.) 
</dd><dt>-a</dt><dd> 
(o and p modes) 
Reset access times on files after they are read. 
</dd><dt>-B</dt><dd> 
(o mode only) 
Block output to records of 5120 bytes. 
</dd><dt>-C ''size''</dt><dd> 
(o mode only) 
Block output to records of 
''size'' 
bytes. 
</dd><dt>-c</dt><dd> 
(o mode only) 
Use the old POSIX portable character format. 
Equivalent to 
--format ''odc''. 
</dd><dt>-d, --make-directories</dt><dd> 
(i and p modes) 
Create directories as necessary. 
</dd><dt>-E ''file''</dt><dd> 
(i mode only) 
Read list of file name patterns from 
''file'' 
to list and extract. 
</dd><dt>-F ''file'', --file ''file''</dt><dd> 
Read archive from or write archive to 
''file''. 
</dd><dt>-f ''pattern''</dt><dd> 
(i mode only) 
Ignore files that match 
''pattern''. 
</dd><dt>-H ''format'', --format ''format''</dt><dd> 
(o mode only) 
Produce the output archive in the specified format. 
Supported formats include: 

<dl> 
<dt>''cpio''</dt><dd> 
Synonym for 
''odc''. 
</dd><dt>''newc''</dt><dd> 
The SVR4 portable cpio format. 
</dd><dt>''odc''</dt><dd> 
The old POSIX.1 portable octet-oriented cpio format. 
</dd><dt>''pax''</dt><dd> 
The POSIX.1 pax format, an extension of the ustar format. 
</dd><dt>''ustar''</dt><dd> 
The POSIX.1 tar format. 
</dd></dl> 

The default format is 
''odc''. 
See 
[[ManPageLibarchiveFormats5]] 
for more complete information about the 
formats currently supported by the underlying 
[[ManPageLibarchive3]] 
library. 
</dd><dt>-h, --help</dt><dd> 
Print usage information. 
</dd><dt>-I ''file''</dt><dd> 
Read archive from 
''file''. 
</dd><dt>-i, --extract</dt><dd> 
Input mode. 
See above for description. 
</dd><dt>--insecure</dt><dd> 
(i and p mode only) 
Disable security checks during extraction or copying. 
This allows extraction via symbolic links, absolute paths, 
and path names containing 
Sq .. 
in the name. 
</dd><dt>-J, --xz</dt><dd> 
(o mode only) 
Compress the file with xz-compatible compression before writing it. 
In input mode, this option is ignored; xz compression is recognized 
automatically on input. 
</dd><dt>-j</dt><dd> 
Synonym for 
-y. 
</dd><dt>-L</dt><dd> 
(o and p modes) 
All symbolic links will be followed. 
Normally, symbolic links are archived and copied as symbolic links. 
With this option, the target of the link will be archived or copied instead. 
</dd><dt>-l, --link</dt><dd> 
(p mode only) 
Create links from the target directory to the original files, 
instead of copying. 
</dd><dt>--lrzip</dt><dd> 
(o mode only) 
Compress the resulting archive with 
[[lrzip(1)|http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=lrzip&sektion=1]]. 
In input mode, this option is ignored. 
</dd><dt>--lz4</dt><dd> 
(o mode only) 
Compress the archive with lz4-compatible compression before writing it. 
In input mode, this option is ignored; lz4 compression is recognized 
automatically on input. 
</dd><dt>--zstd</dt><dd> 
(o mode only) 
Compress the archive with zstd-compatible compression before writing it. 
In input mode, this option is ignored; zstd compression is recognized 
automatically on input. 
</dd><dt>--lzma</dt><dd> 
(o mode only) 
Compress the file with lzma-compatible compression before writing it. 
In input mode, this option is ignored; lzma compression is recognized 
automatically on input. 
</dd><dt>--lzop</dt><dd> 
(o mode only) 
Compress the resulting archive with 
[[lzop(1)|http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=lzop&sektion=1]]. 
In input mode, this option is ignored. 
</dd><dt>--passphrase ''passphrase''</dt><dd> 
The 
''passphrase'' 
is used to extract or create an encrypted archive. 
Currently, zip is only a format that 
'''cpio''' 
can handle encrypted archives. 
You shouldn't use this option unless you realize how insecure 
use of this option is. 
</dd><dt>-m, --preserve-modification-time</dt><dd> 
(i and p modes) 
Set file modification time on created files to match 
those in the source. 
</dd><dt>-n, --numeric-uid-gid</dt><dd> 
(i mode, only with 
-t) 
Display numeric uid and gid. 
By default, 
'''cpio''' 
displays the user and group names when they are provided in the 
archive, or looks up the user and group names in the system 
password database. 
</dd><dt>--no-preserve-owner</dt><dd> 
(i mode only) 
Do not attempt to restore file ownership. 
This is the default when run by non-root users. 
</dd><dt>-O ''file''</dt><dd> 
Write archive to 
''file''. 
</dd><dt>-o, --create</dt><dd> 
Output mode. 
See above for description. 
</dd><dt>-p, --pass-through</dt><dd> 
Pass-through mode. 
See above for description. 
</dd><dt>--preserve-owner</dt><dd> 
(i mode only) 
Restore file ownership. 
This is the default when run by the root user. 
</dd><dt>--quiet</dt><dd> 
Suppress unnecessary messages. 
</dd><dt>-R <nowiki>[</nowiki>user<nowiki>]</nowiki><nowiki>[</nowiki>:<nowiki>]</nowiki><nowiki>[</nowiki>group<nowiki>]</nowiki>, --owner <nowiki>[</nowiki>user<nowiki>]</nowiki><nowiki>[</nowiki>:<nowiki>]</nowiki><nowiki>[</nowiki>group<nowiki>]</nowiki></dt><dd> 
Set the owner and/or group on files in the output. 
If group is specified with no user 
(for example, 
-R '':wheel'') 
then the group will be set but not the user. 
If the user is specified with a trailing colon and no group 
(for example, 
-R ''root:'') 
then the group will be set to the user's default group. 
If the user is specified with no trailing colon, then 
the user will be set but not the group. 
In 
-i 
and 
-p 
modes, this option can only be used by the super-user. 
(For compatibility, a period can be used in place of the colon.) 
</dd><dt>-r</dt><dd> 
(All modes.) 
Rename files interactively. 
For each file, a prompt is written to 
''/dev/tty'' 
containing the name of the file and a line is read from 
''/dev/tty''. 
If the line read is blank, the file is skipped. 
If the line contains a single period, the file is processed normally. 
Otherwise, the line is taken to be the new name of the file. 
</dd><dt>-t, --list</dt><dd> 
(i mode only) 
List the contents of the archive to stdout; 
do not restore the contents to disk. 
</dd><dt>-u, --unconditional</dt><dd> 
(i and p modes) 
Unconditionally overwrite existing files. 
Ordinarily, an older file will not overwrite a newer file on disk. 
</dd><dt>-V, --dot</dt><dd> 
Print a dot to stderr for each file as it is processed. 
Superseded by 
-v. 
</dd><dt>-v, --verbose</dt><dd> 
Print the name of each file to stderr as it is processed. 
With 
-t, 
provide a detailed listing of each file. 
</dd><dt>--version</dt><dd> 
Print the program version information and exit. 
</dd><dt>-y</dt><dd> 
(o mode only) 
Compress the archive with bzip2-compatible compression before writing it. 
In input mode, this option is ignored; 
bzip2 compression is recognized automatically on input. 
</dd><dt>-Z</dt><dd> 
(o mode only) 
Compress the archive with compress-compatible compression before writing it. 
In input mode, this option is ignored; 
compression is recognized automatically on input. 
</dd><dt>-z</dt><dd> 
(o mode only) 
Compress the archive with gzip-compatible compression before writing it. 
In input mode, this option is ignored; 
gzip compression is recognized automatically on input. 
</dd></dl> 
== EXIT STATUS == 
The '''cpio''' utility exits 0 on success, and &gt;0 if an error occurs. 
== ENVIRONMENT == 
The following environment variables affect the execution of 
'''cpio''': 
<dl> 
<dt>'''LANG'''</dt><dd> 
The locale to use. 
See 
[[environ(7)|http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=environ&sektion=7]] 
for more information. 
</dd><dt>'''TZ'''</dt><dd> 
The timezone to use when displaying dates. 
See 
[[environ(7)|http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=environ&sektion=7]] 
for more information. 
</dd></dl> 
== EXAMPLES == 
The 
'''cpio''' 
command is traditionally used to copy file hierarchies in conjunction 
with the 
[[find(1)|http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=find&sektion=1]] 
command. 
The first example here simply copies all files from 
''src'' 
to 
''dest'': 
```text
find src | cpio -pmud dest 
```

By carefully selecting options to the 
[[find(1)|http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=find&sektion=1]] 
command and combining it with other standard utilities, 
it is possible to exercise very fine control over which files are copied. 
This next example copies files from 
''src'' 
to 
''dest'' 
that are more than 2 days old and whose names match a particular pattern: 
```text
find src -mtime +2 | grep foo[bar] | cpio -pdmu dest 
```

This example copies files from 
''src'' 
to 
''dest'' 
that are more than 2 days old and which contain the word 
"foobar": 
```text
find src -mtime +2 | xargs grep -l foobar | cpio -pdmu dest 
```
== COMPATIBILITY == 
The mode options i, o, and p and the options 
a, B, c, d, f, l, m, r, t, u, and v comply with SUSv2. 

The old POSIX.1 standard specified that only 
-i, 
-o, 
and 
-p 
were interpreted as command-line options. 
Each took a single argument of a list of modifier 
characters. 
For example, the standard syntax allows 
-imu 
but does not support 
-miu 
or 
-i -m -u, 
since 
''m'' 
and 
''u'' 
are only modifiers to 
-i, 
they are not command-line options in their own right. 
The syntax supported by this implementation is backwards-compatible 
with the standard. 
For best compatibility, scripts should limit themselves to the 
standard syntax. 
== SEE ALSO == 
[[bzip2(1)|http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bzip2&sektion=1]], 
[[gzip(1)|http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gzip&sektion=1]], 
[[mt(1)|http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mt&sektion=1]], 
[[pax(1)|http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pax&sektion=1]], 
[[ManPageBsdtar1]], 
[[ManPageLibarchive3]], 
[[ManPageCpio5]], 
[[ManPageLibarchiveFormats5]], 
[[ManPageTar5]] 
== STANDARDS == 
There is no current POSIX standard for the cpio command; it appeared 
in 
<nowiki>ISO/IEC 9945-1:1996 (``POSIX.1'')</nowiki> 
but was dropped from 
<nowiki>IEEE Std 1003.1-2001 (``POSIX.1'')</nowiki>. 

The cpio, ustar, and pax interchange file formats are defined by 
<nowiki>IEEE Std 1003.1-2001 (``POSIX.1'')</nowiki> 
for the pax command. 
== HISTORY == 
The original 
'''cpio''' 
and 
'''find''' 
utilities were written by Dick Haight 
while working in AT&T's Unix Support Group. 
They first appeared in 1977 in PWB/UNIX 1.0, the 
"Programmer's Work Bench" 
system developed for use within AT&T. 
They were first released outside of AT&T as part of System III Unix in 1981. 
As a result, 
'''cpio''' 
actually predates 
'''tar''', 
even though it was not well-known outside of AT&T until some time later. 

This is a complete re-implementation based on the 
[[ManPageLibarchive3]] 
library. 
== BUGS == 
The cpio archive format has several basic limitations: 
It does not store user and group names, only numbers. 
As a result, it cannot be reliably used to transfer 
files between systems with dissimilar user and group numbering. 
Older cpio formats limit the user and group numbers to 
16 or 18 bits, which is insufficient for modern systems. 
The cpio archive formats cannot support files over 4 gigabytes, 
except for the 
"odc" 
variant, which can support files up to 8 gigabytes. 
@


1.8
log
@libarchive: Update to 3.4.3

Libarchive 3.4.3 is a feature and bugfix release.

New features:

    support for pzstd compressed files (#1357)
    support for RHT.security.selinux tar extended attribute (#1348)

Important bugfixes:

    various zstd fixes and improvements (#1342 #1352 #1359)
    child process handling fixes (#1372)

Libarchive 3.4.2 is a feature and security release.

New features:

    support for atomic file extraction (bsdtar -x --safe-writes) (#1289)
    support for mbed TLS (PolarSSL) (#1301)

Important bugfixes:

    security fixes in RAR5 reader (#1280 #1326)
    compression buffer fix in XAR writer (#1317)
    fix uname and gname longer than 32 characters in PAX writer (#1319)
    fix segfault when archiving hard links in ISO9660 and XAR writers (#1325)
    fix support for extracting 7z archive entries with Delta filter (#987)

Libarchive 3.4.1 is a feature and security release.

New features:

    Unicode filename support for reading lha/lzh archives
    New pax write option "xattrhdr"

Important bugfixes:

    security fixes in wide string processing (#1276 #1298)
    security fixes in RAR5 reader (#1212 #1217 #1296)
    security fixes and optimizations to write filter logic (#351)
    security fix related to use of readlink(2) (1dae5a5)
    sparse file handling fixes (#1218 #1260)

Thanks to all contributors and bug reporters.
Special thanks to Christos Zoulas (@@zoulasc) from NetBSD for the atomic file extraction feature.
@
text
@d60 7
d124 1
a124 1
[[ManPageibarchiveormats5]] 
d127 1
a127 1
[[ManPageibarchive3]] 
d379 1
a379 1
[[ManPageibarchive3]], 
d381 1
a381 1
[[ManPageibarchiveormats5]], 
d411 1
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[[ManPageibarchive3]] 
@


1.7
log
@Update for libarchive-3.4.0:
- improvements for Android APK and JAR archives
- better support for non-recursive list and extract
- tar --exclude-vcs support
- fixes for file attributes and flags handling
- zipx support
- rar 5.0 reader
@
text
@a52 1

d117 1
a117 1
[[ManPageLibarchiveFormats5]] 
d120 1
a120 1
[[ManPageLibarchive3]] 
a367 1
[[ManPageBsdtar1]], 
d371 2
a372 1
[[ManPageLibarchive3]], 
d374 1
a374 1
[[ManPageLibarchiveFormats5]], 
d404 1
a404 1
[[ManPageLibarchive3]] 
@


1.6
log
@libarchive: updated to 3.3.3

libarchive 3.3.3:
Avoid super-linear slowdown on malformed mtree files
Many fixes for building with Visual Studio
NO_OVERWRITE doesn't change existing directory attributes
New support for Zstandard read and write filters
@
text
@d118 1
a118 1
[[ManPageibarchiveormats5]] 
d121 1
a121 1
[[ManPageibarchive3]] 
d373 1
a373 1
[[ManPageibarchive3]], 
d375 1
a375 1
[[ManPageibarchiveormats5]], 
d405 1
a405 1
[[ManPageibarchive3]] 
@


1.5
log
@Merge for libarchive-3.3.2.
@
text
@d165 5
@


1.4
log
@Merge libarchive-3.3.1.
@
text
@d118 1
a118 1
[[ManPageLibarchiveFormats5]] 
d121 1
a121 1
[[ManPageLibarchive3]] 
d368 1
a368 1
[[ManPageLibarchive3]], 
d370 1
a370 1
[[ManPageLibarchiveFormats5]], 
d400 1
a400 1
[[ManPageLibarchive3]] 
@


1.3
log
@Update for libarchive 3.2.1.
@
text
@d118 1
a118 1
[[ManPageibarchiveormats5]] 
d121 1
a121 1
[[ManPageibarchive3]] 
d368 1
a368 1
[[ManPageibarchive3]], 
d370 1
a370 1
[[ManPageibarchiveormats5]], 
d400 1
a400 1
[[ManPageibarchive3]] 
@


1.2
log
@Changes 3.1.2:
This is a maintenance update to fix issues with the new RAR seeking
feature. This new release also contains fixes for build failures when
building libarchive using Visual Studio 2012 and MinGW.
@
text
@d8 1
a8 1
<nowiki>{</nowiki>-i<nowiki>}</nowiki> 
d11 1
a11 1
<nowiki>[</nowiki>''<lt;'' archive<nowiki>]</nowiki> 
d14 1
a14 1
<nowiki>{</nowiki>-o<nowiki>}</nowiki> 
d16 1
a16 1
''<lt;'' name-list 
d20 1
a20 1
<nowiki>{</nowiki>-p<nowiki>}</nowiki> 
d23 1
a23 1
''<lt;'' name-list 
d118 1
a118 1
'''libarchive-formats'''(5) 
d121 1
a121 1
'''libarchive'''(3) 
d134 2
a135 1
This allows extraction via symbolic links and path names containing 
d158 1
a158 1
'''lrzip'''(1). 
d160 5
d173 1
a173 1
'''lzop'''(1). 
d175 9
d285 1
a285 1
<dt>'''LANG''' 
d288 1
a288 1
'''environ'''(7) 
d290 1
a290 1
</dt><dt>'''TZ''' 
d293 1
a293 1
'''environ'''(7) 
d295 1
a295 1
</dt></dl> 
d301 1
a301 1
'''find'''(1) 
d307 1
a307 1
```text 
d309 1
a309 1
``` 
d312 1
a312 1
'''find'''(1) 
d320 3
a322 3
```text 
find src -mtime ''+2'' | grep foo[bar] | cpio -pdmu dest 
``` 
d330 3
a332 3
```text 
find src -mtime ''+2'' | xargs grep -l foobar | cpio -pdmu dest 
``` 
d363 9
a371 9
'''bzip2'''(1), 
'''tar'''(1), 
'''gzip'''(1), 
'''mt'''(1), 
'''pax'''(1), 
'''libarchive'''(3), 
'''cpio'''(5), 
'''libarchive-formats'''(5), 
'''tar'''(5) 
d400 1
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'''libarchive'''(3) 
@


1.1
log
@Initial revision
@
text
@d1 29
a29 29
#summary BSDCPIO 1 manual page
== NAME ==
*cpio*
- copy files to and from archives
== SYNOPSIS ==
<br>
*cpio*
{*-i*}
`[`_options_`]`
`[`_pattern_ ...`]`
`[`_`<`_ archive`]`
<br>
*cpio*
{*-o*}
`[`_options_`]`
_`<`_ name-list
`[`_>_ archive`]`
<br>
*cpio*
{*-p*}
`[`_options_`]`
_dest-dir_
_`<`_ name-list
== DESCRIPTION ==
*cpio*
copies files between archives and directories.
This implementation can extract from tar, pax, cpio, zip, jar, ar,
and ISO 9660 cdrom images and can create tar, pax, cpio, ar,
and shar archives.
d31 22
a52 22
The first option to
*cpio*
is a mode indicator from the following list:
<dl>
<dt>*-i*</dt><dd>
Input.
Read an archive from standard input (unless overriden) and extract the
contents to disk or (if the
*-t*
option is specified)
list the contents to standard output.
If one or more file patterns are specified, only files matching
one of the patterns will be extracted.
</dd><dt>*-o*</dt><dd>
Output.
Read a list of filenames from standard input and produce a new archive
on standard output (unless overriden) containing the specified items.
</dd><dt>*-p*</dt><dd>
Pass-through.
Read a list of filenames from standard input and copy the files to the
specified directory.
</dd></dl>
d54 46
a99 46
== OPTIONS ==
Unless specifically stated otherwise, options are applicable in
all operating modes.
<dl>
<dt>*-0*</dt><dd>
Read filenames separated by NUL characters instead of newlines.
This is necessary if any of the filenames being read might contain newlines.
</dd><dt>*-A*</dt><dd>
(o mode only)
Append to the specified archive.
(Not yet implemented.)
</dd><dt>*-a*</dt><dd>
(o and p modes)
Reset access times on files after they are read.
</dd><dt>*-B*</dt><dd>
(o mode only)
Block output to records of 5120 bytes.
</dd><dt>*-C* _size_</dt><dd>
(o mode only)
Block output to records of
_size_
bytes.
</dd><dt>*-c*</dt><dd>
(o mode only)
Use the old POSIX portable character format.
Equivalent to
*--format* _odc_.
</dd><dt>*-d*</dt><dd>
(i and p modes)
Create directories as necessary.
</dd><dt>*-E* _file_</dt><dd>
(i mode only)
Read list of file name patterns from
_file_
to list and extract.
</dd><dt>*-F* _file_</dt><dd>
Read archive from or write archive to
_file_.
</dd><dt>*-f* _pattern_</dt><dd>
(i mode only)
Ignore files that match
_pattern_.
</dd><dt>*--format* _format_</dt><dd>
(o mode only)
Produce the output archive in the specified format.
Supported formats include:
d101 13
a113 13
<dl>
<dt>_cpio_</dt><dd>
Synonym for
_odc_.
</dd><dt>_newc_</dt><dd>
The SVR4 portable cpio format.
</dd><dt>_odc_</dt><dd>
The old POSIX.1 portable octet-oriented cpio format.
</dd><dt>_pax_</dt><dd>
The POSIX.1 pax format, an extension of the ustar format.
</dd><dt>_ustar_</dt><dd>
The POSIX.1 tar format.
</dd></dl>
d115 180
a294 169
The default format is
_odc_.
See
*libarchive_formats*(5)
for more complete information about the
formats currently supported by the underlying
*libarchive*(3)
library.
</dd><dt>*-H* _format_</dt><dd>
Synonym for
*--format*.
</dd><dt>*-h*, *--help*</dt><dd>
Print usage information.
</dd><dt>*-I* _file_</dt><dd>
Read archive from
_file_.
</dd><dt>*-i*</dt><dd>
Input mode.
See above for description.
</dd><dt>*--insecure*</dt><dd>
(i and p mode only)
Disable security checks during extraction or copying.
This allows extraction via symbolic links and path names containing
Sq ..
in the name.
</dd><dt>*-J*</dt><dd>
(o mode only)
Compress the file with xz-compatible compression before writing it.
In input mode, this option is ignored; xz compression is recognized
automatically on input.
</dd><dt>*-j*</dt><dd>
Synonym for
*-y*.
</dd><dt>*-L*</dt><dd>
(o and p modes)
All symbolic links will be followed.
Normally, symbolic links are archived and copied as symbolic links.
With this option, the target of the link will be archived or copied instead.
</dd><dt>*-l*</dt><dd>
(p mode only)
Create links from the target directory to the original files,
instead of copying.
</dd><dt>*-lzma*</dt><dd>
(o mode only)
Compress the file with lzma-compatible compression before writing it.
In input mode, this option is ignored; lzma compression is recognized
automatically on input.
</dd><dt>*-m*</dt><dd>
(i and p modes)
Set file modification time on created files to match
those in the source.
</dd><dt>*-n*</dt><dd>
(i mode, only with
*-t*)
Display numeric uid and gid.
By default,
*cpio*
displays the user and group names when they are provided in the
archive, or looks up the user and group names in the system
password database.
</dd><dt>*-no-preserve-owner*</dt><dd>
(i mode only)
Do not attempt to restore file ownership.
This is the default when run by non-root users.
</dd><dt>*-O* _file_</dt><dd>
Write archive to
_file_.
</dd><dt>*-o*</dt><dd>
Output mode.
See above for description.
</dd><dt>*-p*</dt><dd>
Pass-through mode.
See above for description.
</dd><dt>*-preserve-owner*</dt><dd>
(i mode only)
Restore file ownership.
This is the default when run by the root user.
</dd><dt>*--quiet*</dt><dd>
Suppress unnecessary messages.
</dd><dt>*-R* `[`user`]``[`:`]``[`group`]`</dt><dd>
Set the owner and/or group on files in the output.
If group is specified with no user
(for example,
*-R* _:wheel_)
then the group will be set but not the user.
If the user is specified with a trailing colon and no group
(for example,
*-R* _root:_)
then the group will be set to the user's default group.
If the user is specified with no trailing colon, then
the user will be set but not the group.
In
*-i*
and
*-p*
modes, this option can only be used by the super-user.
(For compatibility, a period can be used in place of the colon.)
</dd><dt>*-r*</dt><dd>
(All modes.)
Rename files interactively.
For each file, a prompt is written to
_/dev/tty_
containing the name of the file and a line is read from
_/dev/tty_.
If the line read is blank, the file is skipped.
If the line contains a single period, the file is processed normally.
Otherwise, the line is taken to be the new name of the file.
</dd><dt>*-t*</dt><dd>
(i mode only)
List the contents of the archive to stdout;
do not restore the contents to disk.
</dd><dt>*-u*</dt><dd>
(i and p modes)
Unconditionally overwrite existing files.
Ordinarily, an older file will not overwrite a newer file on disk.
</dd><dt>*-v*</dt><dd>
Print the name of each file to stderr as it is processed.
With
*-t*,
provide a detailed listing of each file.
</dd><dt>*--version*</dt><dd>
Print the program version information and exit.
</dd><dt>*-y*</dt><dd>
(o mode only)
Compress the archive with bzip2-compatible compression before writing it.
In input mode, this option is ignored;
bzip2 compression is recognized automatically on input.
</dd><dt>*-Z*</dt><dd>
(o mode only)
Compress the archive with compress-compatible compression before writing it.
In input mode, this option is ignored;
compression is recognized automatically on input.
</dd><dt>*-z*</dt><dd>
(o mode only)
Compress the archive with gzip-compatible compression before writing it.
In input mode, this option is ignored;
gzip compression is recognized automatically on input.
</dd></dl>
== ENVIRONMENT ==
The following environment variables affect the execution of
*cpio*:
<dl>
<dt>*LANG*
The locale to use.
See
*environ*(7)
for more information.
</dt><dt>*TZ*
The timezone to use when displaying dates.
See
*environ*(7)
for more information.
</dt></dl>
== EXIT STATUS ==
The *cpio* utility exits 0 on success, and >0 if an error occurs.
== EXAMPLES ==
The
*cpio*
command is traditionally used to copy file heirarchies in conjunction
with the
*find*(1)
command.
The first example here simply copies all files from
_src_
to
_dest_:
{{{
find src | cpio -pmud dest
}}}
d296 12
a307 12
By carefully selecting options to the
*find*(1)
command and combining it with other standard utilities,
it is possible to exercise very fine control over which files are copied.
This next example copies files from
_src_
to
_dest_
that are more than 2 days old and whose names match a particular pattern:
{{{
find src -mtime _+2_ | grep foo[bar] | cpio -pdmu dest
}}}
d309 12
a320 12
This example copies files from
_src_
to
_dest_
that are more than 2 days old and which contain the word
"foobar":
{{{
find src -mtime _+2_ | xargs grep -l foobar | cpio -pdmu dest
}}}
== COMPATIBILITY ==
The mode options i, o, and p and the options
a, B, c, d, f, l, m, r, t, u, and v comply with SUSv2.
d322 41
a362 41
The old POSIX.1 standard specified that only
*-i*,
*-o*,
and
*-p*
were interpreted as command-line options.
Each took a single argument of a list of modifier
characters.
For example, the standard syntax allows
*-imu*
but does not support
*-miu*
or
*-i* *-m* *-u*,
since
_m_
and
_u_
are only modifiers to
*-i*,
they are not command-line options in their own right.
The syntax supported by this implementation is backwards-compatible
with the standard.
For best compatibility, scripts should limit themselves to the
standard syntax.
== SEE ALSO ==
*bzip2*(1),
*tar*(1),
*gzip*(1),
*mt*(1),
*pax*(1),
*libarchive*(3),
*cpio*(5),
*libarchive-formats*(5),
*tar*(5)
== STANDARDS ==
There is no current POSIX standard for the cpio command; it appeared
in
ISO/IEC 9945-1:1996 (``POSIX.1'')
but was dropped from
IEEE Std 1003.1-2001 (``POSIX.1'').
d364 19
a382 19
The cpio, ustar, and pax interchange file formats are defined by
IEEE Std 1003.1-2001 (``POSIX.1'')
for the pax command.
== HISTORY ==
The original
*cpio*
and
*find*
utilities were written by Dick Haight
while working in AT&T's Unix Support Group.
They first appeared in 1977 in PWB/UNIX 1.0, the
"Programmer's Work Bench"
system developed for use within AT&T.
They were first released outside of AT&T as part of System III Unix in 1981.
As a result,
*cpio*
actually predates
*tar*,
even though it was not well-known outside of AT&T until some time later.
d384 14
a397 14
This is a complete re-implementation based on the
*libarchive*(3)
library.
== BUGS ==
The cpio archive format has several basic limitations:
It does not store user and group names, only numbers.
As a result, it cannot be reliably used to transfer
files between systems with dissimilar user and group numbering.
Older cpio formats limit the user and group numbers to
16 or 18 bits, which is insufficient for modern systems.
The cpio archive formats cannot support files over 4 gigabytes,
except for the
"odc"
variant, which can support files up to 8 gigabytes.
@


1.1.1.1
log
@Import libarchive 2.8.0:
- Infrastructure:
  - Allow command line tools as fallback for missing compression
    libraries. If compiled without gzip for example, gunzip will
    be used automatically.
  - Improved support for a number of platforms like high-resolution
    timestamps and Extended Attributes on various Unix systems
  - New convience interface for creating archives based on disk content,
    complement of the archive_write_disk interface.
- Frontends:
  - bsdcpio ready for public consumption
  - hand-written date parser replaces the yacc code
- Filter system:
  - Simplified read filter chains
  - Option support for filters
  - LZMA, XZ, uudecode handled
- Format support:
  - Write support for mtree files based on file system or archive
    content
  - Basic read support for Joliet
  - Write support for zip files
  - Write support for shar archives, both text-only and binary-safe
@
text
@@


1.1.1.2
log
@Import libarchive-3.2.1:
- security fixes and other bugfixes
- support for multhreading in xz 5.2+
@
text
@d1 29
a29 29
CPIO(1) manual page 
== NAME == 
'''cpio''' 
- copy files to and from archives 
== SYNOPSIS == 
<br> 
'''cpio''' 
-i 
<nowiki>[</nowiki>''options''<nowiki>]</nowiki> 
<nowiki>[</nowiki>''pattern'' ...<nowiki>]</nowiki> 
<nowiki>[</nowiki>''&lt;'' archive<nowiki>]</nowiki> 
<br> 
'''cpio''' 
-o 
<nowiki>[</nowiki>''options''<nowiki>]</nowiki> 
''&lt;'' name-list 
<nowiki>[</nowiki>''>'' archive<nowiki>]</nowiki> 
<br> 
'''cpio''' 
-p 
<nowiki>[</nowiki>''options''<nowiki>]</nowiki> 
''dest-dir'' 
''&lt;'' name-list 
== DESCRIPTION == 
'''cpio''' 
copies files between archives and directories. 
This implementation can extract from tar, pax, cpio, zip, jar, ar, 
and ISO 9660 cdrom images and can create tar, pax, cpio, ar, 
and shar archives. 
d31 22
a52 22
The first option to 
'''cpio''' 
is a mode indicator from the following list: 
<dl> 
<dt>-i</dt><dd> 
Input. 
Read an archive from standard input (unless overridden) and extract the 
contents to disk or (if the 
-t 
option is specified) 
list the contents to standard output. 
If one or more file patterns are specified, only files matching 
one of the patterns will be extracted. 
</dd><dt>-o</dt><dd> 
Output. 
Read a list of filenames from standard input and produce a new archive 
on standard output (unless overridden) containing the specified items. 
</dd><dt>-p</dt><dd> 
Pass-through. 
Read a list of filenames from standard input and copy the files to the 
specified directory. 
</dd></dl> 
d54 46
a99 46
== OPTIONS == 
Unless specifically stated otherwise, options are applicable in 
all operating modes. 
<dl> 
<dt>-0, --null</dt><dd> 
Read filenames separated by NUL characters instead of newlines. 
This is necessary if any of the filenames being read might contain newlines. 
</dd><dt>-A</dt><dd> 
(o mode only) 
Append to the specified archive. 
(Not yet implemented.) 
</dd><dt>-a</dt><dd> 
(o and p modes) 
Reset access times on files after they are read. 
</dd><dt>-B</dt><dd> 
(o mode only) 
Block output to records of 5120 bytes. 
</dd><dt>-C ''size''</dt><dd> 
(o mode only) 
Block output to records of 
''size'' 
bytes. 
</dd><dt>-c</dt><dd> 
(o mode only) 
Use the old POSIX portable character format. 
Equivalent to 
--format ''odc''. 
</dd><dt>-d, --make-directories</dt><dd> 
(i and p modes) 
Create directories as necessary. 
</dd><dt>-E ''file''</dt><dd> 
(i mode only) 
Read list of file name patterns from 
''file'' 
to list and extract. 
</dd><dt>-F ''file'', --file ''file''</dt><dd> 
Read archive from or write archive to 
''file''. 
</dd><dt>-f ''pattern''</dt><dd> 
(i mode only) 
Ignore files that match 
''pattern''. 
</dd><dt>-H ''format'', --format ''format''</dt><dd> 
(o mode only) 
Produce the output archive in the specified format. 
Supported formats include: 
d101 13
a113 13
<dl> 
<dt>''cpio''</dt><dd> 
Synonym for 
''odc''. 
</dd><dt>''newc''</dt><dd> 
The SVR4 portable cpio format. 
</dd><dt>''odc''</dt><dd> 
The old POSIX.1 portable octet-oriented cpio format. 
</dd><dt>''pax''</dt><dd> 
The POSIX.1 pax format, an extension of the ustar format. 
</dd><dt>''ustar''</dt><dd> 
The POSIX.1 tar format. 
</dd></dl> 
d115 169
a283 195
The default format is 
''odc''. 
See 
[[ManPageibarchiveormats5]] 
for more complete information about the 
formats currently supported by the underlying 
[[ManPageibarchive3]] 
library. 
</dd><dt>-h, --help</dt><dd> 
Print usage information. 
</dd><dt>-I ''file''</dt><dd> 
Read archive from 
''file''. 
</dd><dt>-i, --extract</dt><dd> 
Input mode. 
See above for description. 
</dd><dt>--insecure</dt><dd> 
(i and p mode only) 
Disable security checks during extraction or copying. 
This allows extraction via symbolic links, absolute paths, 
and path names containing 
Sq .. 
in the name. 
</dd><dt>-J, --xz</dt><dd> 
(o mode only) 
Compress the file with xz-compatible compression before writing it. 
In input mode, this option is ignored; xz compression is recognized 
automatically on input. 
</dd><dt>-j</dt><dd> 
Synonym for 
-y. 
</dd><dt>-L</dt><dd> 
(o and p modes) 
All symbolic links will be followed. 
Normally, symbolic links are archived and copied as symbolic links. 
With this option, the target of the link will be archived or copied instead. 
</dd><dt>-l, --link</dt><dd> 
(p mode only) 
Create links from the target directory to the original files, 
instead of copying. 
</dd><dt>--lrzip</dt><dd> 
(o mode only) 
Compress the resulting archive with 
[[lrzip(1)|http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=lrzip&sektion=1]]. 
In input mode, this option is ignored. 
</dd><dt>--lz4</dt><dd> 
(o mode only) 
Compress the archive with lz4-compatible compression before writing it. 
In input mode, this option is ignored; lz4 compression is recognized 
automatically on input. 
</dd><dt>--lzma</dt><dd> 
(o mode only) 
Compress the file with lzma-compatible compression before writing it. 
In input mode, this option is ignored; lzma compression is recognized 
automatically on input. 
</dd><dt>--lzop</dt><dd> 
(o mode only) 
Compress the resulting archive with 
[[lzop(1)|http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=lzop&sektion=1]]. 
In input mode, this option is ignored. 
</dd><dt>--passphrase ''passphrase''</dt><dd> 
The 
''passphrase'' 
is used to extract or create an encrypted archive. 
Currently, zip is only a format that 
'''cpio''' 
can handle encrypted archives. 
You shouldn't use this option unless you realize how insecure 
use of this option is. 
</dd><dt>-m, --preserve-modification-time</dt><dd> 
(i and p modes) 
Set file modification time on created files to match 
those in the source. 
</dd><dt>-n, --numeric-uid-gid</dt><dd> 
(i mode, only with 
-t) 
Display numeric uid and gid. 
By default, 
'''cpio''' 
displays the user and group names when they are provided in the 
archive, or looks up the user and group names in the system 
password database. 
</dd><dt>--no-preserve-owner</dt><dd> 
(i mode only) 
Do not attempt to restore file ownership. 
This is the default when run by non-root users. 
</dd><dt>-O ''file''</dt><dd> 
Write archive to 
''file''. 
</dd><dt>-o, --create</dt><dd> 
Output mode. 
See above for description. 
</dd><dt>-p, --pass-through</dt><dd> 
Pass-through mode. 
See above for description. 
</dd><dt>--preserve-owner</dt><dd> 
(i mode only) 
Restore file ownership. 
This is the default when run by the root user. 
</dd><dt>--quiet</dt><dd> 
Suppress unnecessary messages. 
</dd><dt>-R <nowiki>[</nowiki>user<nowiki>]</nowiki><nowiki>[</nowiki>:<nowiki>]</nowiki><nowiki>[</nowiki>group<nowiki>]</nowiki>, --owner <nowiki>[</nowiki>user<nowiki>]</nowiki><nowiki>[</nowiki>:<nowiki>]</nowiki><nowiki>[</nowiki>group<nowiki>]</nowiki></dt><dd> 
Set the owner and/or group on files in the output. 
If group is specified with no user 
(for example, 
-R '':wheel'') 
then the group will be set but not the user. 
If the user is specified with a trailing colon and no group 
(for example, 
-R ''root:'') 
then the group will be set to the user's default group. 
If the user is specified with no trailing colon, then 
the user will be set but not the group. 
In 
-i 
and 
-p 
modes, this option can only be used by the super-user. 
(For compatibility, a period can be used in place of the colon.) 
</dd><dt>-r</dt><dd> 
(All modes.) 
Rename files interactively. 
For each file, a prompt is written to 
''/dev/tty'' 
containing the name of the file and a line is read from 
''/dev/tty''. 
If the line read is blank, the file is skipped. 
If the line contains a single period, the file is processed normally. 
Otherwise, the line is taken to be the new name of the file. 
</dd><dt>-t, --list</dt><dd> 
(i mode only) 
List the contents of the archive to stdout; 
do not restore the contents to disk. 
</dd><dt>-u, --unconditional</dt><dd> 
(i and p modes) 
Unconditionally overwrite existing files. 
Ordinarily, an older file will not overwrite a newer file on disk. 
</dd><dt>-V, --dot</dt><dd> 
Print a dot to stderr for each file as it is processed. 
Superseded by 
-v. 
</dd><dt>-v, --verbose</dt><dd> 
Print the name of each file to stderr as it is processed. 
With 
-t, 
provide a detailed listing of each file. 
</dd><dt>--version</dt><dd> 
Print the program version information and exit. 
</dd><dt>-y</dt><dd> 
(o mode only) 
Compress the archive with bzip2-compatible compression before writing it. 
In input mode, this option is ignored; 
bzip2 compression is recognized automatically on input. 
</dd><dt>-Z</dt><dd> 
(o mode only) 
Compress the archive with compress-compatible compression before writing it. 
In input mode, this option is ignored; 
compression is recognized automatically on input. 
</dd><dt>-z</dt><dd> 
(o mode only) 
Compress the archive with gzip-compatible compression before writing it. 
In input mode, this option is ignored; 
gzip compression is recognized automatically on input. 
</dd></dl> 
== EXIT STATUS == 
The '''cpio''' utility exits 0 on success, and &gt;0 if an error occurs. 
== ENVIRONMENT == 
The following environment variables affect the execution of 
'''cpio''': 
<dl> 
<dt>'''LANG'''</dt><dd> 
The locale to use. 
See 
[[environ(7)|http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=environ&sektion=7]] 
for more information. 
</dd><dt>'''TZ'''</dt><dd> 
The timezone to use when displaying dates. 
See 
[[environ(7)|http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=environ&sektion=7]] 
for more information. 
</dd></dl> 
== EXAMPLES == 
The 
'''cpio''' 
command is traditionally used to copy file hierarchies in conjunction 
with the 
[[find(1)|http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=find&sektion=1]] 
command. 
The first example here simply copies all files from 
''src'' 
to 
''dest'': 
```text
find src | cpio -pmud dest 
```
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By carefully selecting options to the 
[[find(1)|http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=find&sektion=1]] 
command and combining it with other standard utilities, 
it is possible to exercise very fine control over which files are copied. 
This next example copies files from 
''src'' 
to 
''dest'' 
that are more than 2 days old and whose names match a particular pattern: 
```text
find src -mtime +2 | grep foo[bar] | cpio -pdmu dest 
```
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This example copies files from 
''src'' 
to 
''dest'' 
that are more than 2 days old and which contain the word 
"foobar": 
```text
find src -mtime +2 | xargs grep -l foobar | cpio -pdmu dest 
```
== COMPATIBILITY == 
The mode options i, o, and p and the options 
a, B, c, d, f, l, m, r, t, u, and v comply with SUSv2. 
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The old POSIX.1 standard specified that only 
-i, 
-o, 
and 
-p 
were interpreted as command-line options. 
Each took a single argument of a list of modifier 
characters. 
For example, the standard syntax allows 
-imu 
but does not support 
-miu 
or 
-i -m -u, 
since 
''m'' 
and 
''u'' 
are only modifiers to 
-i, 
they are not command-line options in their own right. 
The syntax supported by this implementation is backwards-compatible 
with the standard. 
For best compatibility, scripts should limit themselves to the 
standard syntax. 
== SEE ALSO == 
[[bzip2(1)|http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bzip2&sektion=1]], 
[[ManPageBsdtar1]], 
[[gzip(1)|http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=gzip&sektion=1]], 
[[mt(1)|http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=mt&sektion=1]], 
[[pax(1)|http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=pax&sektion=1]], 
[[ManPageibarchive3]], 
[[ManPageCpio5]], 
[[ManPageibarchiveormats5]], 
[[ManPageTar5]] 
== STANDARDS == 
There is no current POSIX standard for the cpio command; it appeared 
in 
<nowiki>ISO/IEC 9945-1:1996 (``POSIX.1'')</nowiki> 
but was dropped from 
<nowiki>IEEE Std 1003.1-2001 (``POSIX.1'')</nowiki>. 
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The cpio, ustar, and pax interchange file formats are defined by 
<nowiki>IEEE Std 1003.1-2001 (``POSIX.1'')</nowiki> 
for the pax command. 
== HISTORY == 
The original 
'''cpio''' 
and 
'''find''' 
utilities were written by Dick Haight 
while working in AT&T's Unix Support Group. 
They first appeared in 1977 in PWB/UNIX 1.0, the 
"Programmer's Work Bench" 
system developed for use within AT&T. 
They were first released outside of AT&T as part of System III Unix in 1981. 
As a result, 
'''cpio''' 
actually predates 
'''tar''', 
even though it was not well-known outside of AT&T until some time later. 
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This is a complete re-implementation based on the 
[[ManPageibarchive3]] 
library. 
== BUGS == 
The cpio archive format has several basic limitations: 
It does not store user and group names, only numbers. 
As a result, it cannot be reliably used to transfer 
files between systems with dissimilar user and group numbering. 
Older cpio formats limit the user and group numbers to 
16 or 18 bits, which is insufficient for modern systems. 
The cpio archive formats cannot support files over 4 gigabytes, 
except for the 
"odc" 
variant, which can support files up to 8 gigabytes. 
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</dd><dt>--zstd</dt><dd> 
(o mode only) 
Compress the archive with zstd-compatible compression before writing it. 
In input mode, this option is ignored; zstd compression is recognized 
automatically on input. 
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</dd><dt>-6, --pwb</dt><dd> 
When reading a binary format archive, assume it's the earlier one, 
from the PWB variant of 6th Edition UNIX. 
When writing a cpio archive, use the PWB format. 
</dd><dt>-7, --binary</dt><dd> 
(o mode only) 
When writing a cpio archive, use the (newer, non-PWB) binary format. 
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