TAR(1) General Commands Manual TAR(1)
NAME
tar — manipulate tape archives
SYNOPSIS
tar [bundled-flags ⟨
args ⟩ ] [⟨
file ⟩ | ⟨
pattern ⟩ ...]
tar {-c}
[options]
[files | directories]
tar {-r | -u} -f
archive-file [options]
[files | directories]
tar {-t | -x} [options]
[patterns]
DESCRIPTION
tar creates and manipulates streaming archive files. This implementation can extract from tar, pax, cpio, zip, jar, ar, xar, rar, rpm, 7-zip, and ISO 9660 cdrom images and can create tar, pax, cpio, ar, zip, 7-zip, and shar archives.
The first synopsis form shows a “bundled” option word. This usage is provided for compatibility with historical implementations. See “COMPATIBILITY” below for details.
The other synopsis forms show the preferred usage. The first option to tar is a mode indicator from the following list:
-c
Create a new archive containing the specified items. The long option form is --create.
-r
Like -c, but new entries are appended to the archive. Note that this only works on uncompressed archives stored in regular files. The -f option is required. The long option form is --append.
-t
List archive contents to stdout. The long option form is --list.
-u
Like -r, but new entries are added only if they have a modification date newer than the corresponding entry in the archive. Note that this only works on uncompressed archives stored in regular files. The -f option is required. The long form is --update.
-x
Extract to disk from the archive. If a file with the same name appears more than once in the archive, each copy will be extracted, with later copies overwriting (replacing) earlier copies. The long option form is --extract.
In -c, -r, or -u mode, each specified file or directory is added to the archive in the order specified on the command line. By default, the contents of each directory are also archived.
In extract or list mode, the entire command line is read and parsed before the archive is opened. The pathnames or patterns on the command line indicate which items in the archive should be processed. Patterns are shell-style globbing patterns as documented in tcsh(1).
OPTIONS
Unless specifically stated otherwise, options are applicable in all operating modes.
@@archive
(c and r modes only) The specified archive is opened and the entries in it will be appended to the current archive. As a simple example,
tar -c -f - newfile @@original.tar
writes a new archive to standard output containing a file newfile and all of the entries from original.tar. In contrast,
tar -c -f - newfile original.tar
creates a new archive with only two entries. Similarly,
tar -czf - --format pax @@-
reads an archive from standard input (whose format will be determined automatically) and converts it into a gzip-compressed pax-format archive on stdout. In this way, tar can be used to convert archives from one format to another.
-a, --auto-compress
(c mode only) Use the archive suffix to decide a set of the format and the compressions. As a simple example,
tar -a -cf archive.tgz source.c source.h
creates a new archive with restricted pax format and gzip compression,
tar -a -cf archive.tar.bz2.uu source.c source.h
creates a new archive with restricted pax format and bzip2 compression and uuencode compression,
tar -a -cf archive.zip source.c source.h
creates a new archive with zip format,
tar -a -jcf archive.tgz source.c source.h
ignores the “-j” option, and creates a new archive with restricted pax format and gzip compression,
tar -a -jcf archive.xxx source.c source.h
if it is unknown suffix or no suffix, creates a new archive with restricted pax format and bzip2 compression.
--acls
(c, r, u, x modes only) Archive or extract POSIX.1e or NFSv4 ACLs. This is the reverse of --no-acls and the default behavior in c, r, and u modes (except on Mac OS X) or if tar is run in x mode as root. On Mac OS X this option translates extended ACLs to NFSv4 ACLs. To store extended ACLs the --mac-metadata option is preferred.
-B, --read-full-blocks
Ignored for compatibility with other tar(1) implementations.
-b blocksize, --block-size blocksize
Specify the block size, in 512-byte records, for tape drive I/O. As a rule, this argument is only needed when reading from or writing to tape drives, and usually not even then as the default block size of 20 records (10240 bytes) is very common.
-C directory, --cd directory, --directory directory
In c and r mode, this changes the directory before adding the following files. In x mode, change directories after opening the archive but before extracting entries from the archive.
--chroot
(x mode only) chroot() to the current directory after processing any -C options and before extracting any files.
--clamp-mtime
(use with --mtime) Only set the modification time if the file is newer than the date specified in --mtime.
--clear-nochange-fflags
(x mode only) Before removing file system objects to replace them, clear platform-specific file attributes or file flags that might prevent removal.
--exclude pattern
Do not process files or directories that match the specified pattern. Note that exclusions take precedence over patterns or filenames specified on the command line.
--exclude-vcs
Do not process files or directories internally used by the version control systems ‘Arch’, ‘Bazaar’, ‘CVS’, ‘Darcs’, ‘Mercurial’, ‘RCS’, ‘SCCS’, ‘SVN’ and ‘git’.
--fflags
(c, r, u, x modes only) Archive or extract platform-specific file attributes or file flags. This is the reverse of --no-fflags and the default behavior in c, r, and u modes or if tar is run in x mode as root.
--format format
(c, r, u mode only) Use the specified format for the created archive. Supported formats include “cpio”, “pax”, “shar”, and “ustar”. Other formats may also be supported; see libarchive-formats(5) for more information about currently-supported formats. In r and u modes, when extending an existing archive, the format specified here must be compatible with the format of the existing archive on disk.
-f file, --file file
Read the archive from or write the archive to the specified file. The filename can be - for standard input or standard output. The default varies by system; on FreeBSD, the default is /dev/sa0; on Linux, the default is /dev/st0.
--gid id
Use the provided group id number. On extract, this overrides the group id in the archive; the group name in the archive will be ignored. On create, this overrides the group id read from disk; if --gname is not also specified, the group name will be set to match the group id.
--gname name
Use the provided group name. On extract, this overrides the group name in the archive; if the provided group name does not exist on the system, the group id (from the archive or from the --gid option) will be used instead. On create, this sets the group name that will be stored in the archive; the name will not be verified against the system group database.
--group name[:gid]
Use the provided group, if gid is not provided, name can be either a group name or numeric id. See the --gname option for details.
-H
(c and r modes only) Symbolic links named on the command line will be followed; the target of the link will be archived, not the link itself.
-h
(c and r modes only) Synonym for -L.
-I
Synonym for -T.
--help
Show usage.
--hfsCompression
(x mode only) Mac OS X specific (v10.6 or later). Compress extracted regular files with HFS+ compression.
--ignore-zeros
An alias of --options read_concatenated_archives for compatibility with GNU tar.
--include pattern
Process only files or directories that match the specified pattern. Note that exclusions specified with --exclude take precedence over inclusions. If no inclusions are explicitly specified, all entries are processed by default. The --include option is especially useful when filtering archives. For example, the command
tar -c -f new.tar --include=’*foo*’ @@old.tgz
creates a new archive new.tar containing only the entries from old.tgz containing the string ‘foo’.
-J, --xz
(c mode only) Compress the resulting archive with xz(1). In extract or list modes, this option is ignored. Note that this tar implementation recognizes XZ compression automatically when reading archives.
-j, --bzip, --bzip2, --bunzip2
(c mode only) Compress the resulting archive with bzip2(1). In extract or list modes, this option is ignored. Note that this tar implementation recognizes bzip2 compression automatically when reading archives.
-k, --keep-old-files
(x mode only) Do not overwrite existing files. In particular, if a file appears more than once in an archive, later copies will not overwrite earlier copies.
--keep-newer-files
(x mode only) Do not overwrite existing files that are newer than the versions appearing in the archive being extracted.
-L, --dereference
(c and r modes only) All symbolic links will be followed. Normally, symbolic links are archived as such. With this option, the target of the link will be archived instead.
-l, --check-links
(c and r modes only) Issue a warning message unless all links to each file are archived.
--lrzip
(c mode only) Compress the resulting archive with lrzip(1). In extract or list modes, this option is ignored. Note that this tar implementation recognizes lrzip compression automatically when reading archives.
--lz4
(c mode only) Compress the archive with lz4-compatible compression before writing it. In extract or list modes, this option is ignored. Note that this tar implementation recognizes lz4 compression automatically when reading archives.
--zstd
(c mode only) Compress the archive with zstd-compatible compression before writing it. In extract or list modes, this option is ignored. Note that this tar implementation recognizes zstd compression automatically when reading archives.
--lzma
(c mode only) Compress the resulting archive with the original LZMA algorithm. In extract or list modes, this option is ignored. Use of this option is discouraged and new archives should be created with --xz instead. Note that this tar implementation recognizes LZMA compression automatically when reading archives.
--lzop
(c mode only) Compress the resulting archive with lzop(1). In extract or list modes, this option is ignored. Note that this tar implementation recognizes LZO compression automatically when reading archives.
-m, --modification-time
(x mode only) Do not extract modification time. By default, the modification time is set to the time stored in the archive.
--mac-metadata
(c, r, u and x mode only) Mac OS X specific. Archive or extract extended ACLs and extended file attributes using copyfile(3) in AppleDouble format. This is the reverse of --no-mac-metadata. and the default behavior in c, r, and u modes or if tar is run in x mode as root. Currently supported only for pax formats (
including pax restricted, the default tar format for bsdtar )
--mtime date
(c, r, u modes only) Set the modification times of added files to the specified date.
-n, --norecurse, --no-recursion
Do not operate recursively on the content of directories.
--newer date
(c, r, u modes only) Only include files and directories newer than the specified date. This compares ctime entries.
--newer-mtime date
(c, r, u modes only) Like --newer, except it compares mtime entries instead of ctime entries.
--newer-than file
(c, r, u modes only) Only include files and directories newer than the specified file. This compares ctime entries.
--newer-mtime-than file
(c, r, u modes only) Like --newer-than, except it compares mtime entries instead of ctime entries.
--nodump
(c and r modes only) Honor the nodump file flag by skipping this file.
--nopreserveHFSCompression
(x mode only) Mac OS X specific (v10.6 or later). Do not compress extracted regular files which were compressed with HFS+ compression before archived. By default, compress the regular files again with HFS+ compression.
--null
(use with -I or -T) Filenames or patterns are separated by null characters, not by newlines. This is often used to read filenames output by the -print0 option to find(1).
--no-acls
(c, r, u, x modes only) Do not archive or extract POSIX.1e or NFSv4 ACLs. This is the reverse of --acls and the default behavior if tar is run as non-root in x mode (on Mac OS X as any user in c, r, u and x modes).
--no-fflags
(c, r, u, x modes only) Do not archive or extract file attributes or file flags. This is the reverse of --fflags and the default behavior if tar is run as non-root in x mode.
--no-mac-metadata
(c, r, u and x mode only) Mac OS X specific. Do not archive or extract ACLs and extended file attributes using copyfile(3) in AppleDouble format. This is the reverse of --mac-metadata. and the default behavior if tar is run as non-root in x mode.
--no-read-sparse
(c, r, u modes only) Do not read sparse file information from disk. This is the reverse of --read-sparse.
--no-safe-writes
(x mode only) Do not create temporary files and use rename(2) to replace the original ones. This is the reverse of --safe-writes.
--no-same-owner
(x mode only) Do not extract owner and group IDs. This is the reverse of --same-owner and the default behavior if tar is run as non-root.
--no-same-permissions
(x mode only) Do not extract full permissions (SGID, SUID, sticky bit, file attributes or file flags, extended file attributes and ACLs). This is the reverse of -p and the default behavior if tar is run as non-root.
--no-xattrs
(c, r, u, x modes only) Do not archive or extract extended file attributes. This is the reverse of --xattrs and the default behavior if tar is run as non-root in x mode.
--numeric-owner
This is equivalent to --uname "" --gname "". On extract, it causes user and group names in the archive to be ignored in favor of the numeric user and group ids. On create, it causes user and group names to not be stored in the archive.
-O, --to-stdout
(x, t modes only) In extract (-x) mode, files will be written to standard out rather than being extracted to disk. In list (-t) mode, the file listing will be written to stderr rather than the usual stdout.
-o
(x mode) Use the user and group of the user running the program rather than those specified in the archive. Note that this has no significance unless -p is specified, and the program is being run by the root user. In this case, the file modes and flags from the archive will be restored, but ACLs or owner information in the archive will be discarded.
-o
(c, r, u mode) A synonym for --format ustar
--older date
(c, r, u modes only) Only include files and directories older than the specified date. This compares ctime entries.
--older-mtime date
(c, r, u modes only) Like --older, except it compares mtime entries instead of ctime entries.
--older-than file
(c, r, u modes only) Only include files and directories older than the specified file. This compares ctime entries.
--older-mtime-than file
(c, r, u modes only) Like --older-than, except it compares mtime entries instead of ctime entries.
--one-file-system
(c, r, and u modes) Do not cross mount points.
--options options
Select optional behaviors for particular modules. The argument is a text string containing comma-separated keywords and values. These are passed to the modules that handle particular formats to control how those formats will behave. Each option has one of the following forms:
key=value
The key will be set to the specified value in every module that supports it. Modules that do not support this key will ignore it.
key
The key will be enabled in every module that supports it. This is equivalent to key=1.
!key
The key will be disabled in every module that supports it.
module:key=value, module:key, module:!key
As above, but the corresponding key and value will be provided only to modules whose name matches module.
The complete list of supported modules and keys for create and append modes is in archive_write_set_options(3) and for extract and list modes in archive_read_set_options(3).
Examples of supported options:
iso9660:joliet
Support Joliet extensions. This is enabled by default, use !joliet or iso9660:!joliet to disable.
iso9660:rockridge
Support Rock Ridge extensions. This is enabled by default, use !rockridge or iso9660:!rockridge to disable.
gzip:compression-level
A decimal integer from 1 to 9 specifying the gzip compression level.
gzip:timestamp
Store timestamp. This is enabled by default, use !timestamp or gzip:!timestamp to disable.
lrzip:compression=type
Use type as compression method. Supported values are bzip2, gzip, lzo (ultra fast), and zpaq (best, extremely slow).
lrzip:compression-level
A decimal integer from 1 to 9 specifying the lrzip compression level.
lz4:compression-level
A decimal integer from 1 to 9 specifying the lzop compression level.
lz4:stream-checksum
Enable stream checksum. This is by default, use lz4:!stream-checksum to disable.
lz4:block-checksum
Enable block checksum (Disabled by default).
lz4:block-size
A decimal integer from 4 to 7 specifying the lz4 compression block size (7 is set by default).
lz4:block-dependence
Use the previous block of the block being compressed for a compression dictionary to improve compression ratio.
zstd:compression-level=N
A decimal integer specifying the zstd compression level. Supported values depend on the library version, common values are from 1 to 22.
zstd:threads=N
Specify the number of worker threads to use, or 0 to use as many threads as there are CPU cores in the system.
zstd:frame-per-file
Start a new compression frame at the beginning of each file in the archive.
zstd:min-frame-in=N
In combination with zstd:frame-per-file, do not start a new compression frame unless the uncompressed size of the current frame is at least N bytes. The number may be followed by k / kB, M / MB, or G / GB to indicate kilobytes, megabytes or gigabytes respectively.
zstd:min-frame-out=N, zstd:min-frame-size=N
In combination with zstd:frame-per-file, do not start a new compression frame unless the compressed size of the current frame is at least N bytes. The number may be followed by k / kB, M / MB, or G / GB to indicate kilobytes, megabytes or gigabytes respectively.
zstd:max-frame-in=N, zstd:max-frame-size=N
Start a new compression frame as soon as possible after the uncompressed size of the current frame exceeds N bytes. The number may be followed by k / kB, M / MB, or G / GB to indicate kilobytes, megabytes or gigabytes respectively. Values less than 1,024 will be rejected.
zstd:max-frame-out=N
Start a new compression frame as soon as possible after the compressed size of the current frame exceeds N bytes. The number may be followed by k / kB, M / MB, or G / GB to indicate kilobytes, megabytes or gigabytes respectively. Values less than 1,024 will be rejected.
lzop:compression-level
A decimal integer from 1 to 9 specifying the lzop compression level.
xz:compression-level
A decimal integer from 0 to 9 specifying the xz compression level.
xz:threads
Specify the number of worker threads to use. Setting threads to a special value 0 makes xz(1) use as many threads as there are CPU cores on the system.
mtree:keyword
The mtree writer module allows you to specify which mtree keywords will be included in the output. Supported keywords include: cksum, device, flags, gid, gname, indent, link, md5, mode, nlink, rmd160, sha1, sha256, sha384, sha512, size, time, uid, uname. The default is equivalent to: “device, flags, gid, gname, link, mode, nlink, size, time, type, uid, uname”.
mtree:all
Enables all of the above keywords. You can also use mtree:!all to disable all keywords.
mtree:use-set
Enable generation of /set lines in the output.
mtree:indent
Produce human-readable output by indenting options and splitting lines to fit into 80 columns.
zip:compression=type
Use type as compression method. Supported values are store (uncompressed) and deflate (gzip algorithm).
zip:encryption
Enable encryption using traditional zip encryption.
zip:encryption=type
Use type as encryption type. Supported values are zipcrypt (traditional zip encryption), aes128 (WinZip AES-128 encryption) and aes256 (WinZip AES-256 encryption).
read_concatenated_archives
Ignore zeroed blocks in the archive, which occurs when multiple tar archives have been concatenated together. Without this option, only the contents of the first concatenated archive would be read. This option is comparable to the -i, --ignore-zeros option of GNU tar.
If a provided option is not supported by any module, that is a fatal error.
-P, --absolute-paths
Preserve pathnames. By default, absolute pathnames (those that begin with a / character) have the leading slash removed both when creating archives and extracting from them. Also, tar will refuse to extract archive entries whose pathnames contain .. or whose target directory would be altered by a symlink. This option suppresses these behaviors.
-p, --insecure, --preserve-permissions
(x mode only) Preserve file permissions. Attempt to restore the full permissions, including file modes, file attributes or file flags, extended file attributes and ACLs, if available, for each item extracted from the archive. This is the reverse of --no-same-permissions and the default if tar is being run as root. It can be partially overridden by also specifying --no-acls, --no-fflags, --no-mac-metadata or --no-xattrs.
--passphrase passphrase
The passphrase is used to extract or create an encrypted archive. Currently, zip is the only supported format that supports encryption. You shouldn’t use this option unless you realize how insecure use of this option is.
--posix
(c, r, u mode only) Synonym for --format pax
-q, --fast-read
(x and t mode only) Extract or list only the first archive entry that matches each pattern or filename operand. Exit as soon as each specified pattern or filename has been matched. By default, the archive is always read to the very end, since there can be multiple entries with the same name and, by convention, later entries overwrite earlier entries. This option is provided as a performance optimization.
--read-sparse
(c, r, u modes only) Read sparse file information from disk. This is the reverse of --no-read-sparse and the default behavior.
-S
(x mode only) Extract files as sparse files. For every block on disk, check first if it contains only NULL bytes and seek over it otherwise. This works similar to the conv=sparse option of dd.
-s pattern
Modify file or archive member names according to pattern. The pattern has the format /old/new/[bghHprRsS] where old is a basic regular expression, new is the replacement string of the matched part, and the optional trailing letters modify how the replacement is handled. If old is not matched, the pattern is skipped. Within new, ˜ is substituted with the match, \1 to \9 with the content of the corresponding captured group. The optional trailing g specifies that matching should continue after the matched part and stop on the first unmatched pattern. The optional trailing s specifies that the pattern applies to the value of symbolic links. The optional trailing p specifies that after a successful substitution the original path name and the new path name should be printed to standard error. The optional trailing b specifies that the substitution should be matched from the beginning of the string rather than from right after the position at which the previous matching substitution ended. Optional trailing H, R, or S characters suppress substitutions for hardlink targets, regular filenames, or symlink targets, respectively. Optional trailing h, r, or s characters enable substitutions for hardlink targets, regular filenames, or symlink targets, respectively. The default is hrs which applies substitutions to all names. In particular, it is never necessary to specify h, r, or s.
--safe-writes
(x mode only) Extract files atomically. By default tar unlinks the original file with the same name as the extracted file (if it exists), and then creates it immediately under the same name and writes to it. For a short period of time, applications trying to access the file might not find it, or see incomplete results. If --safe-writes is enabled, tar first creates a unique temporary file, then writes the new contents to the temporary file, and finally renames the temporary file to its final name atomically using rename(2). This guarantees that an application accessing the file, will either see the old contents or the new contents at all times.
--same-owner
(x mode only) Extract owner and group IDs. This is the reverse of --no-same-owner and the default behavior if tar is run as root.
--strip-components count
Remove the specified number of leading path elements. Pathnames with fewer elements will be silently skipped. Note that the pathname is edited after checking inclusion/exclusion patterns but before security checks.
-T filename, --files-from filename
In x or t mode, tar will read the list of names to be extracted from filename. In c mode, tar will read names to be archived from filename. The special name “-C” on a line by itself will cause the current directory to be changed to the directory specified on the following line. Names are terminated by newlines unless --null is specified. Note that --null also disables the special handling of lines containing “-C”. Note: If you are generating lists of files using find(1), you probably want to use -n as well.
--totals
(c, r, u modes only) After archiving all files, print a summary to stderr.
-U, --unlink, --unlink-first
(x mode only) Unlink files before creating them. This can be a minor performance optimization if most files already exist, but can make things slower if most files do not already exist. This flag also causes tar to remove intervening directory symlinks instead of reporting an error. See the “SECURITY” section below for more details.
--uid id
Use the provided user id number and ignore the user name from the archive. On create, if --uname is not also specified, the user name will be set to match the user id.
--uname name
Use the provided user name. On extract, this overrides the user name in the archive; if the provided user name does not exist on the system, it will be ignored and the user id (from the archive or from the --uid option) will be used instead. On create, this sets the user name that will be stored in the archive; the name is not verified against the system user database.
--use-compress-program program
Pipe the input (in x or t mode) or the output (in c mode) through program instead of using the builtin compression support.
--owner name[:uid]
Use the provided user, if uid is not provided, name can be either an username or numeric id. See the --uname option for details.
-v, --verbose
Produce verbose output. In create and extract modes, tar will list each file name as it is read from or written to the archive. In list mode, tar will produce output similar to that of ls(1). An additional -v option will also provide ls-like details in create and extract mode.
--version
Print version of tar and libarchive, and exit.
-w, --confirmation, --interactive
Ask for confirmation for every action.
-X filename, --exclude-from filename
Read a list of exclusion patterns from the specified file. See --exclude for more information about the handling of exclusions.
--xattrs
(c, r, u, x modes only) Archive or extract extended file attributes. This is the reverse of --no-xattrs and the default behavior in c, r, and u modes or if tar is run in x mode as root.
-y
(c mode only) Compress the resulting archive with bzip2(1). In extract or list modes, this option is ignored. Note that this tar implementation recognizes bzip2 compression automatically when reading archives.
-Z, --compress, --uncompress
(c mode only) Compress the resulting archive with compress(1). In extract or list modes, this option is ignored. Note that this tar implementation recognizes compress compression automatically when reading archives.
-z, --gunzip, --gzip
(c mode only) Compress the resulting archive with gzip(1). In extract or list modes, this option is ignored. Note that this tar implementation recognizes gzip compression automatically when reading archives.
ENVIRONMENT
The following environment variables affect the execution of tar:
TAR_READER_OPTIONS
The default options for format readers and compression readers. The --options option overrides this.
TAR_WRITER_OPTIONS
The default options for format writers and compression writers. The --options option overrides this.
LANG
The locale to use. See environ(7) for more information.
TAPE
The default device. The -f option overrides this. Please see the description of the -f option above for more details.
TZ
The timezone to use when displaying dates. See environ(7) for more information.
EXIT STATUS
The tar utility exits 0 on success, and >0 if an error occurs.
EXAMPLES
The following creates a new archive called file.tar.gz that contains two files source.c and source.h:
tar -czf file.tar.gz source.c source.h
To view a detailed table of contents for this archive:
tar -tvf file.tar.gz
To extract all entries from the archive on the default tape drive:
tar -x
To examine the contents of an ISO 9660 cdrom image:
tar -tf image.iso
To move file hierarchies, invoke tar as
tar -cf - -C srcdir . | tar -xpf - -C destdir
or more traditionally
cd srcdir ; tar -cf - . | (cd destdir ; tar -xpf -)
In create mode, the list of files and directories to be archived can also include directory change instructions of the form -Cfoo/baz and archive inclusions of the form @@archive-file. For example, the command line
tar -c -f new.tar foo1 @@old.tgz -C/tmp foo2
will create a new archive new.tar. tar will read the file foo1 from the current directory and add it to the output archive. It will then read each entry from old.tgz and add those entries to the output archive. Finally, it will switch to the /tmp directory and add foo2 to the output archive.
An input file in mtree(5) format can be used to create an output archive with arbitrary ownership, permissions, or names that differ from existing data on disk:
$ cat
input.mtree
#mtree
usr/bin uid=0 gid=0 mode=0755 type=dir
usr/bin/ls uid=0 gid=0 mode=0755 type=file content=myls
$ tar -cvf output.tar @@input.mtree
The --newer and --newer-mtime switches accept a variety of common date and time specifications, including “12 Mar 2005 7:14:29pm”, “2005-03-12 19:14”, “5 minutes ago”, and “19:14 PST May 1”.
The --options argument can be used to control various details of archive generation or reading. For example, you can generate mtree output which only contains type, time, and uid keywords:
tar -cf file.tar --format=mtree --options=’!all,type,time,uid’ dir
or you can set the compression level used by gzip or xz compression:
tar -czf file.tar --options=’compression-level=9’.
For more details, see the explanation of the archive_read_set_options() and archive_write_set_options() API calls that are described in archive_read(3) and archive_write(3).
COMPATIBILITY
The bundled-arguments format is supported for compatibility with historic implementations. It consists of an initial word (with no leading - character) in which each character indicates an option. Arguments follow as separate words. The order of the arguments must match the order of the corresponding characters in the bundled command word. For example,
tar tbf 32 file.tar
specifies three flags t, b, and f. The b and f flags both require arguments, so there must be two additional items on the command line. The 32 is the argument to the b flag, and file.tar is the argument to the f flag.
The mode options c, r, t, u, and x and the options b, f, l, m, o, v, and w comply with SUSv2.
For maximum portability, scripts that invoke tar should use the bundled-argument format above, should limit themselves to the c, t, and x modes, and the b, f, m, v, and w options.
Additional long options are provided to improve compatibility with other tar implementations.
SECURITY
Certain security issues are common to many archiving programs, including tar. In particular, carefully-crafted archives can request that tar extract files to locations outside of the target directory. This can potentially be used to cause unwitting users to overwrite files they did not intend to overwrite. If the archive is being extracted by the superuser, any file on the system can potentially be overwritten. There are three ways this can happen. Although tar has mechanisms to protect against each one, savvy users should be aware of the implications:
•
Archive entries can have absolute pathnames. By default, tar removes the leading / character from filenames before restoring them to guard against this problem.
•
Archive entries can have pathnames that include .. components. By default, tar will not extract files containing .. components in their pathname.
•
Archive entries can exploit symbolic links to restore files to other directories. An archive can restore a symbolic link to another directory, then use that link to restore a file into that directory. To guard against this, tar checks each extracted path for symlinks. If the final path element is a symlink, it will be removed and replaced with the archive entry. If -U is specified, any intermediate symlink will also be unconditionally removed. If neither -U nor -P is specified, tar will refuse to extract the entry.
To protect yourself, you should be wary of any archives that come from untrusted sources. You should examine the contents of an archive with
tar -tf filename
before extraction. You should use the -k option to ensure that tar will not overwrite any existing files or the -U option to remove any pre-existing files. You should generally not extract archives while running with super-user privileges. Note that the -P option to tar disables the security checks above and allows you to extract an archive while preserving any absolute pathnames, .. components, or symlinks to other directories.
SEE ALSO
bzip2(1), compress(1), cpio(1), gzip(1), mt(1), pax(1), shar(1), xz(1), libarchive(3), libarchive-formats(5), tar(5)
STANDARDS
There is no current POSIX standard for the tar command; it appeared in ISO/IEC 9945-1:1996 (“POSIX.1”) but was dropped from IEEE Std 1003.1-2001 (“POSIX.1”). The options supported by this implementation were developed by surveying a number of existing tar implementations as well as the old POSIX specification for tar and the current POSIX specification for pax.
The ustar and pax interchange file formats are defined by IEEE Std 1003.1-2001 (“POSIX.1”) for the pax command.
HISTORY
A tar command appeared in Seventh Edition Unix, which was released in January, 1979. There have been numerous other implementations, many of which extended the file format. John Gilmore’s pdtar public-domain implementation (circa November, 1987) was quite influential, and formed the basis of GNU tar. GNU tar was included as the standard system tar in FreeBSD beginning with FreeBSD 1.0.
This is a complete re-implementation based on the libarchive(3) library. It was first released with FreeBSD 5.4 in May, 2005.
BUGS
This program follows ISO/IEC 9945-1:1996 (“POSIX.1”) for the definition of the -l option. Note that GNU tar prior to version 1.15 treated -l as a synonym for the --one-file-system option.
The -C dir option may differ from historic implementations.
All archive output is written in correctly-sized blocks, even if the output is being compressed. Whether or not the last output block is padded to a full block size varies depending on the format and the output device. For tar and cpio formats, the last block of output is padded to a full block size if the output is being written to standard output or to a character or block device such as a tape drive. If the output is being written to a regular file, the last block will not be padded. Many compressors, including gzip(1) and bzip2(1), complain about the null padding when decompressing an archive created by tar, although they still extract it correctly.
The compression and decompression is implemented internally, so there may be insignificant differences between the compressed output generated by
tar -czf - file
and that generated by
tar -cf - file | gzip
The default should be to read and write archives to the standard I/O paths, but tradition (and POSIX) dictates otherwise.
The r and u modes require that the archive be uncompressed and located in a regular file on disk. Other archives can be modified using c mode with the @@archive-file extension.
To archive a file called @@foo or -foo you must specify it as ./@@foo or ./-foo, respectively.
In create mode, a leading ./ is always removed. A leading / is stripped unless the -P option is specified.
There needs to be better support for file selection on both create and extract.
There is not yet any support for multi-volume archives.
Converting between dissimilar archive formats (such as tar and cpio) using the @@- convention can cause hard link information to be lost. This is a consequence of the incompatible ways that different archive formats store hardlink information. Debian April 23, 2024 TAR(1)
(x mode only) Mac OS X specific. Do not archive or extract ACLs and extended file attributes using copyfile(3) in AppleDouble format. This is the reverse of --mac-metadata. and the default behavior if tar is run as non-root in x @ 1.13 log @libarchive: updated to 3.7.7 Libarchive 3.7.7 is a bugfix and security release Security fixes: gzip: prevent a hang when processing a malformed gzip inside a gzip tar: don't crash on truncated tar archives tar: fix two leaks in tar header parsing Important bugfixes: 7-zip: read/write symlink paths as UTF-8 cpio: exit with an error code if an entry could not be extracted rar5: report encrypted entries tar: fix truncation of entry pathnames in specific archives windows: fix ARCHIVE_EXTRACT_SECURE_NOABSOLUTEPATHS Libarchive 3.7.6 is a bugfix and security release. This release fixes a tar regression introduced in libarchive 3.7.5 Important bugfixes. tar: clean up linkpath between entries tar: fix memory leaks when processing symlinks or parsing pax headers iso: be more cautious about parsing ISO-9660 timestamps @ text @d2 1 a2 1 d52 3 a54 3 extract from tar, pax, cpio, zip, jar, ar, xar, rpm, 7-zip, and ISO 9660 cdrom images and can create tar, pax, cpio, ar, zip, 7-zip, and shar archives.
d59 2 a60 1 implementations. See COMPATIBILITY below for details. d66 1 a66 1-c
d128 2 a129 2tar -c -f - newfile @@original.tar
d131 19 a149 18writes a new archive to standard output containing a file newfile and all of the entries from original.tar. In contrast,
tar -c -f - newfile original.tar
creates a new archive with only two entries. Similarly,
tar -czf - --format pax @@-
reads an archive from standard input (whose format will be determined automatically) and converts it into a gzip-compressed pax-format archive on stdout. In this way, tar can be used to convert archives from one format to another.
d158 2 a159 2tar -a -cf archive.tgz source.c source.h
d161 2 a162 2creates a new archive with restricted pax format and gzip compression,
d164 2 a165 2tar -a -cf archive.tar.bz2.uu source.c source.h
d167 3 a169 3creates a new archive with restricted pax format and bzip2 compression and uuencode compression,
d171 2 a172 2tar -a -cf archive.zip source.c source.h
d174 2 a175 2creates a new archive with zip format,
d177 2 a178 2tar -a -jcf archive.tgz source.c source.h
d180 3 a182 3ignores the “-j” option, and creates a new archive with restricted pax format and gzip compression,
d184 2 a185 2tar -a -jcf archive.xxx source.c source.h
d187 3 a189 3if it is unknown suffix or no suffix, creates a new archive with restricted pax format and bzip2 compression.
d358 3 a360 2tar -c -f new.tar --include=’*foo*’ @@old.tgz
d362 2 a363 2creates a new archive new.tar containing only the entries from d469 4 a472 2 formats (including "pax restricted", the default tar format for bsdtar.)
d663 1 a663 1key=value
d696 1 a696 1iso9660:joliet
d886 3 a888 2If a provided option is not supported by any module, that is a fatal error.
d1042 2 a1043 2 symlinks instead of reporting an error. See the SECURITY section below for more details. d1184 2 a1185 2tar -czf file.tar.gz source.c source.h
d1190 1 a1190 1tar -tvf d1196 2 a1197 1
tar -x
d1202 1 a1202 1tar -tf d1208 10 a1217 8
tar -cf - -C srcdir . | tar -xpf - -C destdir
or more traditionally
cd srcdir ; tar -cf - . | (cd destdir ; tar -xpf -)
d1226 11 a1236 11tar -c -f new.tar foo1 @@old.tgz -C/tmp foo2
will create a new archive new.tar. tar will read the file foo1 from the current directory and add it to the output archive. It will then read each entry from old.tgz and add those entries to the output archive. Finally, it will switch to the /tmp directory and add foo2 to the output archive.
d1263 2 a1264 2tar -cf file.tar --format=mtree d1268 2 a1269 2
or you can set the compression level used by gzip or xz compression:
d1271 2 a1272 1tar -czf file.tar d1275 3 a1277 2
For more details, see the explanation of the archive_read_set_options() and d1292 2 a1293 2
tar tbf 32 file.tar
d1295 6 a1300 6specifies three flags t, b, and f. The b and f flags both require arguments, so there must be two additional items on the command line. The 32 is the argument to the b flag, and file.tar is the argument to the f flag.
d1359 4 a1362 3To protect yourself, you should be wary of any archives that come from untrusted sources. You should examine the contents of an archive with
d1364 1 a1364 1tar -tf d1367 10 a1376 9
before extraction. You should use the -k option to ensure that tar will not overwrite any existing files or the -U option to remove any pre-existing files. You should generally not extract archives while running with super-user privileges. Note that the -P option to tar disables the security checks above and allows you to extract an archive while preserving any absolute pathnames, .. components, or symlinks to other directories.
d1448 2 a1449 2tar -czf - file
d1451 2 a1452 1and that generated by
d1454 2 a1455 2tar -cf - file | gzip
d1485 1 a1485 1 information to be lost. (This is a consequence of the d1487 1 a1487 1 hardlink information.) Debian April 23, 2024 @ 1.12 log @libarchive: updated to 3.7.5 Libarchive 3.7.5 Security fixes: fix multiple vulnerabilities identified by SAST cpio: ignore out-of-range gid/uid/size/ino and harden AFIO parsing lzop: prevent integer overflow rar4: protect copy_from_lzss_window_to_unp() rar4: fix CVE-2024-26256 rar4: fix OOB in delta and audio filter rar4: fix out of boundary access with large files rar4: add boundary checks to rgb filter rar4: fix OOB access with unicode filenames rar5: clear 'data ready' cache on window buffer reallocs rpm: calculate huge header sizes correctly unzip: unify EOF handling util: fix out of boundary access in mktemp functions uu: stop processing if lines are too long Important bugfixes: 7zip: fix issue when skipping first file in 7zip archive that is a multiple of 65536 bytes ar: fix archive entries having no type lha: do not allow negative file sizes lha: fix integer truncation on 32-bit systems shar: check strdup return value rar5: don't try to read rediculously long names xar: fix another infinite loop and expat error handling many Windows fixes, cleanups and improvements @ text @d1 2 a2 2 d23 1 a23 1TAR(1) BSD General Commands Manual TAR(1)
d27 2 a28 2tar — manipulate tape archives
d32 1 a32 1tar d39 1 a39 1
tar {-c} d50 1 a50 1
tar creates and d56 1 a56 1
The first d61 1 a61 1
The other d67 1 a67 1
Create a new d73 1 a73 1
Like -c, d81 1 a81 1
List archive d87 1 a87 1
Like -r, d96 1 a96 1
Extract to disk d102 1 a102 1
In -c, d108 1 a108 1
In extract or d113 1 a113 1 documented in tcsh(1).
d117 1 a117 1Unless specifically stated d123 1 a123 1
(c and r modes only) The d127 1 a127 1
tar -c -f - d130 1 a130 1
writes a new archive to d134 1 a134 1
tar -c -f - newfile d137 1 a137 1
creates a new archive with only d140 1 a140 1
tar -czf - d143 1 a143 1
reads an archive from standard d152 1 a152 1
(c mode only) Use the archive d156 1 a156 1
tar -a -cf d159 1 a159 1
creates a new archive with d162 1 a162 1
tar -a -cf d165 1 a165 1
creates a new archive with d169 1 a169 1
tar -a -cf d172 1 a172 1
creates a new archive with zip d175 1 a175 1
tar -a -jcf d178 1 a178 1
ignores the “-j” d182 1 a182 1
tar -a -jcf d185 1 a185 1
if it is unknown suffix or no d191 1 a191 1
(c, r, u, x d202 2 a203 2
Ignored for compatibility with other tar(1) implementations.
d208 1 a208 1Specify the block size, in d218 1 a218 1
In c and r mode, this changes d225 1 a225 1
(x mode only) chroot() d232 1 a232 1
(x mode only) Before removing d240 1 a240 1
Do not process files or d247 1 a247 1
Do not process files or d249 4 a252 4 ’Arch’, ’Bazaar’, ’CVS’, ’Darcs’, ’Mercurial’, ’RCS’, ’SCCS’, ’SVN’ and ’git’.
d256 1 a256 1(c, r, u, x modes only) Archive d265 1 a265 1
(c, r, u mode only) Use the d269 3 a271 3 may also be supported; see libarchive-formats(5) for more information about currently-supported formats. In r and u modes, when extending an existing archive, the format d278 1 a278 1
Read the archive from or write d287 1 a287 1
Use the provided group id d296 1 a296 1
Use the provided group name. On d307 1 a307 1
Use the provided group, if d314 1 a314 1
(c and r modes d321 1 a321 1
(c and r modes d326 1 a326 1
Synonym for d331 1 a331 1
Show usage.
d335 1 a335 1(x mode only) Mac OS X specific d341 1 a341 1
An alias of --options d348 1 a348 1
Process only files or d356 1 a356 1
tar -c -f new.tar d359 1 a359 1
creates a new archive d361 1 a361 1 old.tgz containing the string ’foo’.
d365 5 a369 5(c mode only) Compress the resulting archive with xz(1). In extract or list modes, this option is ignored. Note that this tar implementation recognizes XZ compression automatically when reading archives.
d374 3 a376 3(c mode only) Compress the resulting archive with bzip2(1). In extract or list modes, this option is ignored. Note that this tar d383 1 a383 1
(x mode only) Do not overwrite d390 1 a390 1
(x mode only) Do not overwrite d397 1 a397 1
(c and r modes only) All d405 1 a405 1
(c and r modes only) Issue a d411 3 a413 3
(c mode only) Compress the resulting archive with lrzip(1). In extract or list modes, this option is ignored. Note that this tar d419 1 a419 1
(c mode only) d427 1 a427 1
(c mode only) d435 1 a435 1
(c mode only) d445 4 a448 4
(c mode only) Compress the resulting archive with lzop(1). In extract or list modes, this option is ignored. Note that this tar implementation recognizes LZO compression d454 1 a454 1
(x mode only) Do not extract d460 1 a460 1
(c, r, u and x mode only) Mac d462 4 a465 4 file attributes using copyfile(3) in AppleDouble format. This is the reverse of --no-mac-metadata. and the default behavior in c, r, and u modes or if tar is run in x mode as root. Currently supported only for pax d472 1 a472 1
Do not operate recursively on d477 1 a477 1
(c, r, u modes only) Only d484 1 a484 1
(c, r, u modes only) Like d491 1 a491 1
(c, r, u modes only) Only d498 1 a498 1
(c, r, u modes only) Like d504 1 a504 1
(c and r modes only) Honor the d510 1 a510 1
(x mode only) Mac OS X specific d518 1 a518 1
(use with d522 1 a522 1 find(1).
d526 1 a526 1(c, r, u, x modes only) Do not d534 1 a534 1
(c, r, u, x modes only) Do not d541 1 a541 1
(x mode only) Mac OS X d543 4 a546 3 attributes using copyfile(3) in AppleDouble format. This is the reverse of --mac-metadata. and the default behavior if tar is run as non-root in x mode.
d550 1 a550 1(c, r, u modes only) Do not d556 4 a559 3
(x mode only) Do not create temporary files and use rename(2) to replace the original ones. This is the reverse of --safe-writes.
d563 1 a563 1(x mode only) Do not extract d571 1 a571 1
(x mode only) Do not extract d579 1 a579 1
(c, r, u, x modes only) Do not d586 1 a586 1
This is equivalent to d596 1 a596 1
(x, t modes only) In extract d603 1 a603 1
(x mode) Use d613 1 a613 1
(c, r, u mode) d618 1 a618 1
(c, r, u modes only) Only d625 1 a625 1
(c, r, u modes only) Like d632 1 a632 1
(c, r, u modes only) Only d639 1 a639 1
(c, r, u modes only) Like d645 1 a645 1
(c, r, and u modes) Do not d651 1 a651 1
Select optional behaviors for d660 1 a660 1
The key will be set to the d666 1 a666 1
The key will be d672 1 a672 1
The key will be d678 1 a678 1
As above, but the corresponding d682 1 a682 1
The complete d684 3 a686 2 modes is in archive_write_set_options(3) and for extract and list modes in archive_read_set_options(3).
d688 1 a688 1Examples of d693 1 a693 1
Support Joliet extensions. This d699 1 a699 1
Support Rock Ridge extensions. d705 1 a705 1
A decimal integer from 1 to 9 d710 1 a710 1
Store timestamp. This is d716 1 a716 1
Use type as compression d722 1 a722 1
A decimal integer from 1 to 9 d727 1 a727 1
A decimal integer from 1 to 9 d732 1 a732 1
Enable stream checksum. This is d737 1 a737 1
Enable block checksum (Disabled d742 1 a742 1
A decimal integer from 4 to 7 d748 1 a748 1
Use the previous block of the d754 1 a754 1
A decimal integer specifying d760 1 a760 1
Specify the number of worker d766 1 a766 1
Start a new compression frame d771 1 a771 1
In combination with d774 3 a776 3 at least N bytes. The number may be followed by k / kB, M / MB, or G / GB to indicate kilobytes, megabytes or gigabytes respectively.
d781 1 a781 1In combination with d784 3 a786 3 least N bytes. The number may be followed by k / kB, M / MB, or G / GB to indicate kilobytes, megabytes or gigabytes respectively.
d791 1 a791 1Start a new compression frame d794 3 a796 3 followed by k / kB, M / MB, or G / GB to indicate kilobytes, megabytes or gigabytes respectively. Values less than 1,024 will be rejected.
d800 1 a800 1Start a new compression frame d803 3 a805 3 k / kB, M / MB, or G / GB to indicate kilobytes, megabytes or gigabytes respectively. Values less than 1,024 will be rejected.
d809 1 a809 1A decimal integer from 1 to 9 d814 1 a814 1
A decimal integer from 0 to 9 d819 1 a819 1
Specify the number of worker d821 2 a822 2 xz(1) use as many threads as there are CPU cores on the system.
d826 1 a826 1The mtree writer module allows d839 1 a839 1
Enables all of the above d845 1 a845 1
Enable generation of d850 1 a850 1
Produce human-readable output d856 1 a856 1
Use type as compression d862 1 a862 1
Enable encryption using d867 1 a867 1
Use type as encryption d874 1 a874 1
Ignore zeroed blocks in the d881 1 a881 1
If a provided option is not d887 1 a887 1
Preserve pathnames. By default, d898 1 a898 1
(x mode only) Preserve file d911 1 a911 1
The passphrase is used d919 1 a919 1
(c, r, u mode only) Synonym for d925 1 a925 1
(x and t mode only) Extract or d936 1 a936 1
(c, r, u modes only) Read d942 1 a942 1
(x mode only) d950 1 a950 1
Modify file or archive member d956 20 a975 20 is not matched, the pattern is skipped. Within new, ~ is substituted with the match, \1 to \9 with the content of the corresponding captured group. The optional trailing g specifies that matching should continue after the matched part and stop on the first unmatched pattern. The optional trailing s specifies that the pattern applies to the value of symbolic links. The optional trailing p specifies that after a successful substitution the original path name and the new path name should be printed to standard error. The optional trailing b specifies that the substitution should be matched from the beginning of the string rather than from right after the position at which the previous matching substitution ended. Optional trailing H, R, or S characters suppress substitutions for hardlink targets, regular filenames, or symlink targets, respectively. Optional trailing h, r, or s characters enable substitutions for hardlink targets, regular filenames, or symlink targets, respectively. The default is hrs which applies substitutions to all names. In particular, it is never necessary to specify h, r, or s.
d979 1 a979 1(x mode only) Extract files d988 4 a991 4 temporary file to its final name atomically using rename(2). This guarantees that an application accessing the file, will either see the old contents or the new contents at all times.
d995 1 a995 1(x mode only) Extract owner and d1002 1 a1002 1
Remove the specified number of d1011 1 a1011 1
In x or t mode, tar will d1020 2 a1021 2 generating lists of files using find(1), you probably want to use -n as well.
d1025 1 a1025 1(c, r, u modes only) After d1031 1 a1031 1
(x mode only) Unlink files d1041 1 a1041 1
Use the provided user id number d1048 1 a1048 1
Use the provided user name. On d1059 1 a1059 1
Pipe the input (in x or t mode) d1066 1 a1066 1
Use the provided user, if d1073 1 a1073 1
Produce verbose output. In d1077 2 a1078 2 ls(1). An additional -v option will also provide ls-like details in create and extract mode.
d1082 1 a1082 1Print version of tar and d1088 1 a1088 1
Ask for confirmation for every d1094 1 a1094 1
Read a list of exclusion d1100 1 a1100 1
(c, r, u, x modes only) Archive d1107 4 a1110 4
(c mode only) Compress the resulting archive with bzip2(1). In extract or list modes, this option is ignored. Note that this tar implementation recognizes bzip2 compression d1116 5 a1120 5
(c mode only) Compress the resulting archive with compress(1). In extract or list modes, this option is ignored. Note that this tar implementation recognizes compress compression automatically when reading archives.
d1125 3 a1127 3(c mode only) Compress the resulting archive with gzip(1). In extract or list modes, this option is ignored. Note that this tar d1133 1 a1133 1
The following environment d1138 1 a1138 1
The default options for format d1144 1 a1144 1
The default options for format d1150 2 a1151 2
The locale to use. See environ(7) for more information.
d1155 1 a1155 1The default d1162 2 a1163 2
The timezone to use when displaying dates. See environ(7) for more d1168 1 a1168 1
The tar utility d1174 1 a1174 1
The following creates a new d1178 1 a1178 1
tar -czf file.tar.gz d1181 1 a1181 1
To view a d1184 1 a1184 1
tar -tvf d1187 1 a1187 1
To extract all d1190 1 a1190 1
tar -x
d1192 1 a1192 1To examine the d1195 1 a1195 1
tar -tf d1198 1 a1198 1
To move file d1201 1 a1201 1
tar -cf - d1205 1 a1205 1
or more traditionally
d1207 1 a1207 1cd srcdir ; tar -cf - d1210 1 a1210 1
In create mode, d1217 1 a1217 1
tar -c -f new.tar d1221 1 a1221 1
will create a new archive d1229 4 a1232 4
An input file in mtree(5) format can be used to create an output archive with arbitrary ownership, permissions, or names that differ from existing data on disk:
d1234 1 a1234 1$ cat d1241 1 a1241 1
The d1248 1 a1248 1
The d1254 1 a1254 1
tar -cf file.tar d1259 1 a1259 1
or you can set the compression d1262 1 a1262 1
tar -czf file.tar d1265 1 a1265 1
For more details, see the d1268 2 a1269 1 described in archive_read(3) and archive_write(3).
d1273 1 a1273 1The bundled-arguments format is d1281 1 a1281 1
tar tbf 32 d1284 1 a1284 1
specifies three flags t, d1291 1 a1291 1
The mode options d1295 1 a1295 1
For maximum d1302 1 a1302 1
Additional long d1308 1 a1308 1
Certain security issues are d1322 1 a1322 1
Archive entries can have d1329 1 a1329 1
Archive entries can have d1336 1 a1336 1
Archive entries can exploit d1348 1 a1348 1
To protect yourself, you should d1352 1 a1352 1
tar -tf d1355 1 a1355 1
before extraction. You should d1367 5 a1371 3
bzip2(1), compress(1), cpio(1), gzip(1), mt(1), pax(1), shar(1), xz(1), libarchive(3), libarchive-formats(5), tar(5)
d1375 1 a1375 1There is no current POSIX d1384 1 a1384 1
The ustar and d1390 1 a1390 1
A tar command appeared in d1399 2 a1400 2
This is a complete re-implementation based on the libarchive(3) d1406 1 a1406 1
This program follows ISO/IEC d1412 1 a1412 1
The -C d1416 1 a1416 1
All archive d1425 4 a1428 4 padded. Many compressors, including gzip(1) and bzip2(1), complain about the null padding when decompressing an archive created by tar, although they still extract it correctly.
d1430 1 a1430 1The compression d1435 1 a1435 1
tar -czf - d1438 1 a1438 1
and that generated by
d1440 1 a1440 1tar -cf - file | d1443 1 a1443 1
The default d1447 1 a1447 1
The r and d1453 1 a1453 1
To archive a d1457 1 a1457 1
In create mode, d1461 1 a1461 1
There needs to d1465 1 a1465 1
There is not yet d1468 1 a1468 1
Converting d1473 2 a1474 4 hardlink information.)
BSD April 23, 2024 BSD
@ 1.11 log @libarchive: updated to 3.7.4 Libarchive 3.7.4 is a bugfix and security release Security fixes: rar: Fix OOB in rar e8 filter (CVE-2024-26256) zip: Fix out of boundary access Important bugfixes: 7zip: Limit amount of properties bsdtar: Fix error handling around strtol() usages passphrase: Improve newline handling on Windows passphrase: Never allow empty passwords rar: Fix "File CRC Error" when extracting specific rar4 archives xar: Avoid infinite link loop zip: Update AppleDouble support for directories zstd: Implement core detection @ text @d2 1 a2 1 @ 1.10 log @libarchive: updated to 3.7.3 Libarchive 3.7.3 is a feature, security and bugfix release. New features: PCRE2 support add trailing letter b to bsdtar(1) substitute pattern add support for long options "--group" and "--owner" to tar(1) Security fixes: Fix possible vulnerability in tar error reporting introduced in f27c173 Important bugfixes: ISO9660: preserve the natural order of links rar5: fix decoding unicode filenames on Windows rar5: fix infinite loop if during rar5 decompression the last block produced no data xz filter: fix incorrect eof at the end of an lzip member zip: fix end-of-data marker processing when decompressing zip archives multiple bsdunzip(1) fixes filetime truncation fix on Windows @ text @d2 1 a2 1 d749 1 a749 1zstd:compression-level
d755 1 a755 1zstd:threads
d758 2 a759 3 threads to use. Setting threads to a special value 0 makes zstd(1) use as many threads as there are CPU cores on the system. d1470 1 a1470 1 March 1, 2024 BSD @ 1.9 log @libarchive: updated to 3.7.2 Libarchive 3.7.2 is a security, bugfix and feature release. Security fixes: Multiple vulnerabilities have been fixed in the PAX writer (1b4e0d0) Important bugfixes: bsdunzip(1) now correctly handles arguments following an -x after the zipfile New features: bsdunzip(1) now supports the "--version" flag 7-zip reader now translates Windows permissions into UNIX permissions uudecode filter in raw mode now supports file name and file mode zstd filter now supports the "long" write option Libarchive 3.7.1 is a security, feature and bugfix release. Security fixes: SEGV and stack buffer overflow in verbose mode of cpio Feature updates: bsdunzip updated to match latest upstream code Important bugfixes: miscellaneous functional bugfixes build fixes on multiple platforms Libarchive 3.7.0 is a feature and bugfix release. New features: bsdunzip: new tool ported from FreeBSD drop-in replacement for Info-ZIP unzip, not yet ported for Windows 7zip reader: support for Zstandard compression 7zip reader: support for ARM64 filter zstd filter: support for multi-frame zstd archives Other notable bugfixes and improvements: pax: fix year 2038 problem on platforms with 64-bit time_t Windows: Universal Windows Platform (UWP) fixes and improvements Windows: bcrypt usage fixes and improvements Windows: time function usage fixes and improvements @ text @d2 1 a2 1 d304 8 d465 3 a467 1 run in x mode as root. d767 11 a777 1zstd:min-frame-size=N
d781 4 a784 2 frame unless the current frame is at least N bytes. d786 2 a787 1zstd:max-frame-size=N
d790 14 a803 1 as soon as the current frame exceeds N bytes. d950 1 a950 1 format /old/new/[ghHprRsS] where old is a d962 12 a973 9 the new path name should be printed to standard error. Optional trailing H, R, or S characters suppress substitutions for hardlink targets, regular filenames, or symlink targets, respectively. Optional trailing h, r, or s characters enable substitutions for hardlink targets, regular filenames, or symlink targets, respectively. The default is hrs which applies substitutions to all names. In particular, it is never necessary to specify h, r, or s. d1061 8 d1471 1 a1471 1 December 1, 2022 BSD @ 1.8 log @libarchive: Update to 3.4.3 Libarchive 3.4.3 is a feature and bugfix release. New features: support for pzstd compressed files (#1357) support for RHT.security.selinux tar extended attribute (#1348) Important bugfixes: various zstd fixes and improvements (#1342 #1352 #1359) child process handling fixes (#1372) Libarchive 3.4.2 is a feature and security release. New features: support for atomic file extraction (bsdtar -x --safe-writes) (#1289) support for mbed TLS (PolarSSL) (#1301) Important bugfixes: security fixes in RAR5 reader (#1280 #1326) compression buffer fix in XAR writer (#1317) fix uname and gname longer than 32 characters in PAX writer (#1319) fix segfault when archiving hard links in ISO9660 and XAR writers (#1325) fix support for extracting 7z archive entries with Delta filter (#987) Libarchive 3.4.1 is a feature and security release. New features: Unicode filename support for reading lha/lzh archives New pax write option "xattrhdr" Important bugfixes: security fixes in wide string processing (#1276 #1298) security fixes in RAR5 reader (#1212 #1217 #1296) security fixes and optimizations to write filter logic (#351) security fix related to use of readlink(2) (1dae5a5) sparse file handling fixes (#1218 #1260) Thanks to all contributors and bug reporters. Special thanks to Christos Zoulas (@@zoulasc) from NetBSD for the atomic file extraction feature. @ text @d1 2 a2 2 d35 3 a37 3args ⟩] [⟨
file ⟩ | ⟨
pattern ⟩ ...]
ignores the ’’-j’’ option, and creates a new archive with restricted pax format and gzip compression,
d267 7 a273 9 include ’’cpio’’, ’’pax’’, ’’shar’’, and ’’ustar’’. Other formats may also be supported; see libarchive-formats(5) for more information about currently-supported formats. In r and u modes, when extending an existing archive, the format specified here must be compatible with the format of the existing archive on disk. d537 6 d745 24 d779 7 d796 2 a797 2 ’’device, flags, gid, gname, link, mode, nlink, size, time, type, uid, uname’’. d896 6 d973 6 a978 7 filename. The special name ’’-C’’ on a line by itself will cause the current directory to be changed to the directory specified on the following line. Names are terminated by newlines unless --null is specified. Note that --null also disables the special handling of lines containing ’’-C’’. Note: If you are d1089 1 a1089 1The default options for format d1095 1 a1095 1
The default options for format d1101 1 a1101 1
The locale to d1106 1 a1106 1
The default d1113 1 a1113 1
The timezone to d1195 3 a1197 4 ’’12 Mar 2005 7:14:29pm’’, ’’2005-03-12 19:14’’, ’’5 minutes ago’’, and ’’19:14 PST May 1’’.
d1325 6 a1330 7 9945-1:1996 (’’POSIX.1’’) but was dropped from IEEE Std 1003.1-2001 (’’POSIX.1’’). The options supported by this implementation were developed by surveying a number of existing tar implementations as well as the old POSIX specification for tar and the current POSIX specification for pax. d1334 1 a1334 2 1003.1-2001 (’’POSIX.1’’) for the pax command. d1355 3 a1357 3 9945-1:1996 (’’POSIX.1’’) for the definition of the -l option. Note that GNU tar prior to version 1.15 treated -l as a synonym for the d1424 1 a1424 1 January 31, 2020 BSD @ 1.7 log @Update for libarchive-3.4.0: - improvements for Android APK and JAR archives - better support for non-recursive list and extract - tar --exclude-vcs support - fixes for file attributes and flags handling - zipx support - rar 5.0 reader @ text @d1 2 a2 2 d35 3 a37 3args ⟩ ] [⟨
file ⟩ | ⟨
pattern ⟩ ...]
ignores the “-j” option, and creates a new archive with restricted pax format and gzip compression,
d250 4 a253 3 ’CVS’, ’RCS’, ’SCCS’, ’SVN’, ’Arch’, ’Bazaar’, ’Mercurial’ and ’Darcs’. d268 9 a276 7 include “cpio”, “pax”, “shar”, and “ustar”. Other formats may also be supported; see libarchive-formats(5) for more information about currently-supported formats. In r and u modes, when extending an existing archive, the format specified here must be compatible with the format of the existing archive on disk. d540 6 d667 7 a673 2The currently supported modules and keys are:
d738 3 a740 2A decimal integer from 1 to 22 specifying the zstd compression level.
d762 2 a763 2 “device, flags, gid, gname, link, mode, nlink, size, time, type, uid, uname”. d896 16 d933 7 a939 6 filename. The special name “-C” on a line by itself will cause the current directory to be changed to the directory specified on the following line. Names are terminated by newlines unless --null is specified. Note that --null also disables the special handling of lines containing “-C”. Note: If you are d1114 1 a1114 1 -C srcdir . | tar -xpf - d1119 2 a1120 3cd srcdir ; tar -cf - . | (cd destdir ; tar -xpf -)
d1156 4 a1159 3 “12 Mar 2005 7:14:29pm”, “2005-03-12 19:14”, “5 minutes ago”, and “19:14 PST May 1”. d1287 7 a1293 6 9945-1:1996 (“POSIX.1”) but was dropped from IEEE Std 1003.1-2001 (“POSIX.1”). The options supported by this implementation were developed by surveying a number of existing tar implementations as well as the old POSIX specification for tar and the current POSIX specification for pax. d1297 2 a1298 1 1003.1-2001 (“POSIX.1”) for the pax command. d1319 3 a1321 3 9945-1:1996 (“POSIX.1”) for the definition of the -l option. Note that GNU tar prior to version 1.15 treated -l as a synonym for the d1387 2 a1388 2BSD June 3, 2019 BSD
@ 1.6 log @libarchive: updated to 3.3.3 libarchive 3.3.3: Avoid super-linear slowdown on malformed mtree files Many fixes for building with Visual Studio NO_OVERWRITE doesn't change existing directory attributes New support for Zstandard read and write filters @ text @d1 2 a2 2 d57 3 a59 4 synopsis form shows a ’’bundled’’ option word. This usage is provided for compatibility with historical implementations. See COMPATIBILITY below for details. d178 3 a180 3ignores the ’’-j’’ option, and creates a new archive with restricted pax format and gzip compression,
d234 2 a235 1 file flags that might prevent removal. d245 8 d256 4 a259 3 or extract file flags. This is the reverse of --no-fflags and the default behavior in c, r, and u modes or if tar is run in x mode as root. d266 7 a272 9 include ’’cpio’’, ’’pax’’, ’’shar’’, and ’’ustar’’. Other formats may also be supported; see libarchive-formats(5) for more information about currently-supported formats. In r and u modes, when extending an existing archive, the format specified here must be compatible with the format of the existing archive on disk. d453 4 a456 4 attributes using copyfile(3) in AppleDouble format. This is the reverse of --no-mac-metadata. and the default behavior in c, r, and u modes or if tar is run in x mode as root. d461 2 a462 2(c, r, u modes only) Do not recursively archive the contents of directories.
d524 3 a526 3 archive or extract file flags. This is the reverse of --fflags and the default behavior if tar is run as non-root in x mode. d531 1 a531 1 specific. Do not archive or extract ACLs and extended a535 3-n, --norecurse, --no-recursion
d547 4 a550 4 full permissions (SGID, SUID, sticky bit, ACLs, extended attributes or extended file flags). This is the reverse of -p and the default behavior if tar is run as non-root. d555 3 a557 3 archive or extract extended attributes. This is the reverse of --xattrs and the default behavior if tar is run as non-root in x mode. d746 2 a747 2 ’’device, flags, gid, gname, link, mode, nlink, size, time, type, uid, uname’’. d812 3 a814 3 including owner, file modes, ACLs, extended attributes and extended file flags, if available, for each item extracted from the archive. This is te reverse of d816 1 a816 1 is being run by root and can be partially overridden by also d901 6 a906 7 filename. The special name ’’-C’’ on a line by itself will cause the current directory to be changed to the directory specified on the following line. Names are terminated by newlines unless --null is specified. Note that --null also disables the special handling of lines containing ’’-C’’. Note: If you are d980 1 a980 1 or extract extended attributes. This is the reverse of d1124 3 a1126 4 ’’12 Mar 2005 7:14:29pm’’, ’’2005-03-12 19:14’’, ’’5 minutes ago’’, and ’’19:14 PST May 1’’. d1254 6 a1259 7 9945-1:1996 (’’POSIX.1’’) but was dropped from IEEE Std 1003.1-2001 (’’POSIX.1’’). The options supported by this implementation were developed by surveying a number of existing tar implementations as well as the old POSIX specification for tar and the current POSIX specification for pax. d1263 1 a1263 2 1003.1-2001 (’’POSIX.1’’) for the pax command. d1284 3 a1286 3 9945-1:1996 (’’POSIX.1’’) for the definition of the -l option. Note that GNU tar prior to version 1.15 treated -l as a synonym for the d1352 2 a1353 2BSD October 1, 2017 BSD
@ 1.5 log @Merge for libarchive-3.3.2. @ text @d2 1 a2 1 d351 3 a353 3 option is ignored. Note that, unlike other tar implementations, this implementation recognizes XZ compression automatically when reading archives. d360 3 a362 3 this option is ignored. Note that, unlike other tar implementations, this implementation recognizes bzip2 compression automatically when reading archives. d397 3 a399 1 this option is ignored. d405 11 a415 2 writing it. In input mode, this option is ignored; lz4 compression is recognized automatically on input. d421 3 a423 3 algorithm. Use of this option is discouraged and new archives should be created with --xz instead. Note that, unlike other tar implementations, this d431 3 a433 1 list modes, this option is ignored. d717 5 d985 3 a987 3 list modes, this option is ignored. Note that, unlike other tar implementations, this implementation recognizes bzip2 compression automatically when reading archives. d994 3 a996 4 modes, this option is ignored. Note that, unlike other tar implementations, this implementation recognizes compress compression automatically when reading archives. d1003 3 a1005 3 this option is ignored. Note that, unlike other tar implementations, this implementation recognizes gzip compression automatically when reading archives. d1353 1 a1353 1 February 25, 2017 BSD @ 1.4 log @Merge libarchive-3.3.1. @ text @d2 1 a2 1 d39 1 a39 1tar {−c} d42 2 a43 2 tar {−r | −u} −f archive-file [options] d45 2 a46 2 tar {−t | −x} [options] [patterns]
d57 1 a57 1 synopsis form shows a ‘‘bundled’’ d66 1 a66 1−c
d70 1 a70 1 is −−create. d72 1 a72 1−r
d74 5 a78 6Like −c, but new entries are appended to the archive. Note that this only works on uncompressed archives stored in regular files. The −f option is required. The long option form is −−append.
d80 1 a80 1−t
d84 1 a84 1 −−list. d86 1 a86 1−u
d88 6 a93 7Like −r, but new entries are added only if they have a modification date newer than the corresponding entry in the archive. Note that this only works on uncompressed archives stored in regular files. The −f option is required. The long form is −−update.
d95 1 a95 1−x
d101 1 a101 1 long option form is −−extract. d103 5 a107 5In −c, −r, or −u mode, each specified file or directory is added to the archive in the order specified on the command line. By default, the contents of each directory are also archived.
d128 2 a129 2tar −c −f - newfile @@original.tar
d135 2 a136 2tar −c −f - newfile original.tar
d141 2 a142 2tar −czf - −−format pax @@-
d150 2 a151 2−a, −−auto-compress
d157 1 a157 1tar −a −cf d163 1 a163 1
tar −a −cf d170 1 a170 1
tar −a −cf d176 1 a176 1
tar −a −jcf d180 1 a180 1 ‘‘-j’’ option, and creates a new d183 1 a183 1
tar −a −jcf d190 1 a190 1
−−acls
d194 5 a198 6 is the reverse of −−no-acls and the default behavior in c, r, and u modes (except Mac OS X) or if tar is run in x mode as root. On Mac OS X this option translates extended ACLs to NFSv4 ACLs. To store extended ACLs the −−mac-metadata option is preferred. d200 2 a201 2−B, −−read-full-blocks
d206 2 a207 3−b blocksize, −−block-size blocksize
d215 3 a217 3−C directory, −−cd directory, −−directory directory
d224 1 a224 1−−chroot
d227 2 a228 2 to the current directory after processing any −C options and before extracting any files. d231 1 a231 1−−clear-nochange-fflags
d237 1 a237 1−−exclude d245 1 a245 1
−−fflags
d249 2 a250 3 −−no-fflags and the default behavior in c, r, and u modes or if tar is run in x mode as root. d252 1 a252 1−−format d257 4 a260 4 include ‘‘cpio’’, ‘‘pax’’, ‘‘shar’’, and ‘‘ustar’’. Other formats may also be d267 2 a268 2
−f file, −−file file
d277 1 a277 2−−gid id
d283 2 a284 2 −−gname is not also specified, the group name will be set to match the group id. d286 1 a286 2−−gname name
d291 4 a294 5 group id (from the archive or from the −−gid option) will be used instead. On create, this sets the group name that will be stored in the archive; the name will not be verified against the system group database. d296 1 a296 1−H
d303 1 a303 1−h
d306 1 a306 1 only) Synonym for −L. d308 1 a308 1−I
d311 1 a311 1 −T. d313 1 a313 1−−help
d317 1 a317 2−−hfsCompression
d323 1 d325 3 a327 5−−ignore-zeros
An alias of −−options read_concatenated_archives for compatibility with GNU tar.
d329 1 a329 1−−include d334 8 a341 9 exclusions specified with −−exclude take precedence over inclusions. If no inclusions are explicitly specified, all entries are processed by default. The −−include option is especially useful when filtering archives. For example, the command
tar −c −f new.tar −−include=’*foo*’ @@old.tgz
d345 1 a345 1 old.tgz containing the string ‘foo’. d347 1 a347 2−J, −−xz
d355 2 a356 3−j, −−bzip, −−bzip2, −−bunzip2
d364 2 a365 2−k, −−keep-old-files
d372 1 a372 2−−keep-newer-files
d378 2 a379 2−L, −−dereference
d386 2 a387 2−l, −−check-links
d393 1 a393 1−−lrzip
d399 1 a399 1−−lz4
d406 1 a406 1−−lzma
d411 4 a414 4 archives should be created with −−xz instead. Note that, unlike other tar implementations, this implementation recognizes LZMA compression automatically when reading archives. d416 1 a416 1−−lzop
d422 2 a423 2−m, −−modification-time
d429 1 a429 2−−mac-metadata
d434 6 a439 7 the reverse of −−no-mac-metadata. and the default behavior in c, r, and u modes or if tar is run in x mode as root.−n, −−norecurse, −−no-recursion
d444 1 a444 2−−newer date
d450 1 a450 2−−newer-mtime d454 2 a455 2 −−newer, except it compares mtime entries instead of ctime entries.
d457 1 a457 1−−newer-than d464 1 a464 2
−−newer-mtime-than d468 2 a469 2 −−newer-than, except it compares mtime entries instead of ctime entries.
d471 1 a471 1−−nodump
d477 1 a477 1−−nopreserveHFSCompression
d479 5 a483 5(x mode only) Mac OS X specific(v10.6 or later). Do not compress extracted regular files which were compressed with HFS+ compression before archived. By default, compress the regular files again with HFS+ compression.
d485 1 a485 1−−null
d488 4 a491 5 −I or −T) Filenames or patterns are separated by null characters, not by newlines. This is often used to read filenames output by the −print0 option to find(1). d493 1 a493 1−−no-acls
d497 3 a499 3 reverse of −−acls and the default behavior if tar is run as non-root in x mode (on Mac OS X also in c, r and u modes). d501 1 a501 2−−no-fflags
d505 2 a506 3 −−fflags and the default behavior if tar is run as non-root in x mode. d508 1 a508 1−−no-mac-metadata
d513 2 a514 3 the reverse of −−mac-metadata. and the default behavior if tar is run as non-root in x mode. d516 2 a517 3−n, −−norecurse, −−no-recursion
d519 1 a519 2−−no-same-owner
d523 2 a524 2 −−same-owner and the default behavior if tar is run as non-root. d527 1 a527 1−−no-same-permissions
d532 2 a533 7 −p and the default behavior if tar is run as non-root and can be overridden by also specifying −−acls, −−fflags, −−mac-metadata, −−same-owner, −−same-permissions and −−xattrs. d535 1 a535 1−−no-xattrs
d539 2 a540 2 of −−xattrs and the default behavior if tar is run as non-root in x mode. d542 1 a542 2−−numeric-owner
d545 5 a549 6 −−uname "" −−gname "". On extract, it causes user and group names in the archive to be ignored in favor of the numeric user and group ids. On create, it causes user and group names to not be stored in the archive. d551 2 a552 2−O, −−to-stdout
d559 1 a559 1−o
d564 4 a567 5 significance unless −p is specified, and the program is being run by the root user. In this case, the file modes and flags from the archive will be restored, but ACLs or owner information in the archive will be discarded. d569 1 a569 1−o
d572 1 a572 1 A synonym for −−format ustar d574 1 a574 2−−older date
d580 1 a580 2−−older-mtime d584 2 a585 2 −−older, except it compares mtime entries instead of ctime entries.
d587 1 a587 1−−older-than d594 1 a594 2
−−older-mtime-than d598 2 a599 2 −−older-than, except it compares mtime entries instead of ctime entries.
d601 1 a601 2−−one-file-system
d606 1 a606 1−−options d724 1 a724 1 ‘‘device, flags, gid, gname, link, mode, nlink, d768 2 a769 2 This option is comparable to the −i, −−ignore-zeros option of GNU tar.
d774 2 a775 2−P, −−absolute-paths
d785 2 a786 3−p, −−insecure, −−preserve-permissions
d790 1 a790 1 including owner, file modes, ACLs, extended atributes and d792 5 a796 8 from the archive. This is the default, if tar is being run by root and can be overridden by also specifying −−no-acls, −−no-fflags, −−no-mac-metadata, −−no-same-owner, −−no-same-permissions and −−no-xattrs. d798 1 a798 1−−passphrase d807 1 a807 1
−−posix
d810 1 a810 1 −−format pax d812 2 a813 2−q, −−fast-read
d824 1 a824 1−S
d832 1 a832 2−s pattern
d858 1 a858 2−−same-owner
d861 2 a862 4 group IDs. This is the reverse of −−no-same-owner and the default behavior if tar is run as root. d864 1 a864 1−−strip-components d873 2 a874 2
−T filename, −−files-from filename
d880 1 a880 1 ‘‘-C’’ on a line by itself will d883 5 a887 5 newlines unless −−null is specified. Note that −−null also disables the special handling of lines containing ‘‘-C’’. Note: If you are generating lists of files using find(1), you probably want to use −n as well. d889 1 a889 1−−totals
d894 2 a895 3−U, −−unlink, −−unlink-first
d905 1 a905 2−−uid id
d909 2 a910 2 −−uname is not also specified, the user name will be set to match the user id. d912 1 a912 2−−uname name
d918 3 a920 4 −−uid option) will be used instead. On create, this sets the user name that will be stored in the archive; the name is not verified against the system user database. d922 1 a922 2−−use-compress-program d929 1 a929 2
−v, −−verbose
d935 2 a936 3 ls(1). An additional −v option will also provide ls-like details in create and extract mode. d938 1 a938 1−−version
d943 2 a944 3−w, −−confirmation, −−interactive
d949 2 a950 2−X filename, −−exclude-from filename
d953 2 a954 3 patterns from the specified file. See −−exclude for more information about the handling of exclusions. d956 1 a956 1−−xattrs
d960 2 a961 3 −−no-xattrs and the default behavior in c, r, and u modes or if tar is run in x mode as root. d963 1 a963 1−y
d971 2 a972 3−Z, −−compress, −−uncompress
d981 2 a982 2−z, −−gunzip, −−gzip
d998 2 a999 2 readers and compression readers. The −−options option overrides this. d1004 2 a1005 2 writers and compression writers. The −−options option overrides this. d1015 3 a1017 3 device. The −f option overrides this. Please see the description of the −f option above for more details. d1037 2 a1038 2tar −czf file.tar.gz source.c source.h
d1043 1 a1043 1tar −tvf d1049 1 a1049 1
tar −x
d1054 1 a1054 1tar −tf d1060 3 a1062 3
tar −cf - −C srcdir . | tar −xpf - −C destdir
d1066 3 a1068 3cd srcdir ; tar −cf - . | (cd destdir ; tar −xpf -)
d1077 2 a1078 2tar −c −f new.tar foo1 @@old.tgz -C/tmp d1102 6 a1107 7 −−newer and −−newer-mtime switches accept a variety of common date and time specifications, including ‘‘12 Mar 2005 7:14:29pm’’, ‘‘2005-03-12 19:14’’, ‘‘5 minutes ago’’, and ‘‘19:14 PST May 1’’.
d1110 8 a1117 8 −−options argument can be used to control various details of archive generation or reading. For example, you can generate mtree output which only contains type, time, and uid keywords:tar −cf file.tar −−format=mtree −−options=’!all,type,time,uid’ d1123 2 a1124 3
tar −czf file.tar −−options=’compression-level=9’.
d1203 4 a1206 4 −U is specified, any intermediate symlink will also be unconditionally removed. If neither −U nor −P is specified, tar will refuse to extract the entry. d1212 1 a1212 1tar −tf d1216 8 a1223 9 use the −k option to ensure that tar will not overwrite any existing files or the −U option to remove any pre-existing files. You should generally not extract archives while running with super-user privileges. Note that the −P option to tar disables the security checks above and allows you to extract an archive while preserving any absolute pathnames, .. components, or symlinks to other directories.
d1235 1 a1235 1 9945-1:1996 (‘‘POSIX.1’’) but was d1237 1 a1237 1 (‘‘POSIX.1’’). The options supported d1245 1 a1245 1 1003.1-2001 (‘‘POSIX.1’’) for the d1267 4 a1270 4 9945-1:1996 (‘‘POSIX.1’’) for the definition of the −l option. Note that GNU tar prior to version 1.15 treated −l as a synonym for the −−one-file-system option. d1272 2 a1273 2The −C dir option may differ from historic d1295 1 a1295 1
tar −czf - d1300 2 a1301 2
tar −cf - file | gzip
d1319 1 a1319 1 stripped unless the −P option is specified. d1336 1 a1336 1 February 24, 2017 BSD @ 1.3 log @Update for libarchive 3.2.1. @ text @d2 1 a2 1 d57 1 a57 1 synopsis form shows a ’’bundled’’ d126 1 a126 1(c and r mode only) The d182 1 a182 1 ’’-j’’ option, and creates a new d192 11 a240 6
−−disable-copyfile
Mac OS X specific. Disable the use of copyfile(3).
d249 8 d262 4 a265 4 include ’’cpio’’, ’’pax’’, ’’shar’’, and ’’ustar’’. Other formats may also be d306 1 a306 1(c and r mode d313 1 a313 1
(c and r mode d328 3 a330 3
(x mode only) Mac OS X specific(v10.6 or later). Compress extracted regular files with HFS+ compression.
d356 1 a356 1 old.tgz containing the string ’foo’. d395 1 a395 1(c and r mode only) All d443 10 d513 31 d558 13 a570 1 run as non-root.
d761 1 a761 1 ’’device, flags, gid, gname, link, mode, nlink, d828 10 a837 6 including owner, file modes, file flags and ACLs, if available, for each item extracted from the archive. This is the default, if tar is being run by root and can be overridden by also specifying −−no-same-owner and −−no-same-permissions. d925 1 a925 1 ’’-C’’ on a line by itself will d930 1 a930 1 handling of lines containing ’’-C’’. d936 1 a936 1(c, r, u mode only) After d1010 8 d1161 4 a1164 4 ’’12 Mar 2005 7:14:29pm’’, ’’2005-03-12 19:14’’, ’’5 minutes ago’’, and ’’19:14 PST May 1’’.
d1294 1 a1294 1 9945-1:1996 (’’POSIX.1’’) but was d1296 1 a1296 1 (’’POSIX.1’’). The options supported d1304 1 a1304 1 1003.1-2001 (’’POSIX.1’’) for the d1326 1 a1326 1 9945-1:1996 (’’POSIX.1’’) for the d1395 1 a1395 1 September 16, 2014 BSD @ 1.2 log @Changes 3.1.2: This is a maintenance update to fix issues with the new RAR seeking feature. This new release also contains fixes for build failures when building libarchive using Visual Studio 2012 and MinGW. @ text @d1 2 a2 2 d224 7 d319 7 d400 7 d648 27 d721 21 d769 9 d916 2 a917 2 ls(1). Additional −v options will provide additional detail. d1307 1 a1307 2 any support for multi-volume archives or for archiving sparse files. d1317 1 a1317 1 November 1, 2012 BSD @ 1.1 log @Initial revision @ text @d1 2 a2 2 d11 4 a14 3 p { margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; } pre { margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; } table { margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; } d23 1 a23 2BSDTAR(1) FreeBSD General Commands Manual BSDTAR(1)
d25 1 a25 1NAME
d27 1 a27 1tar — manipulate d30 1 d32 1 a32 3
SYNOPSIS
tar d35 3 a37 3
args ⟩] [⟨
file ⟩ | ⟨
pattern ⟩ ...]
tar {−c} d48 1 d50 1 a50 3
DESCRIPTION
tar creates and d52 3 a54 3 extract from tar, pax, cpio, zip, jar, ar, and ISO 9660 cdrom images and can create tar, pax, cpio, ar, and shar archives.
d56 2 a57 2The first synopsis form shows a ‘‘bundled’’ d62 1 a62 1
The other d66 1 a66 1
−c
d68 3 a70 2Create a new archive containing the specified items.
d72 1 a72 1−r
d74 1 a74 1Like d78 2 a79 1 required.
d81 1 a81 1−t
d83 3 a85 2List archive contents to stdout.
d87 1 a87 1−u
d89 1 a89 1Like d94 2 a95 1 is required.
d97 1 a97 1−x
d99 1 a99 1Extract to disk d102 2 a103 1 later copies overwriting (replacing) earlier copies.
d105 1 a105 1In d111 1 a111 1
In extract or d118 1 a118 1
OPTIONS
d120 1 a120 1Unless specifically stated d124 1 d126 1 a126 3
@@archive
(c and r mode only) The d130 1 a130 1
tar −c −f d133 1 a133 1
writes a new archive to d137 1 a137 1
tar −c −f d140 1 a140 1
creates a new archive with only d143 2 a144 2
tar −czf - −-format pax @@-
d146 1 a146 1reads an archive from standard d152 48 a199 1
−b d202 1 a202 1
Specify the block size, in d208 3 a210 2
−C directory
d212 1 a212 1In c and r mode, this changes d217 1 d219 3 a221 5
−-check-links
(c and r modes only) Issue a warning message unless all links to each file are archived.
d224 1 a224 1−-chroot
d226 2 a227 3(x mode only) chroot() to the current directory after processing any −C options and before extracting any files.
d229 1 a229 2−-exclude d232 1 a232 1
Do not process files or d237 1 a237 2
−-format d240 1 a240 1
(c, r, u mode only) Use the d242 4 a245 4 include ‘‘cpio’’, ‘‘pax’’, ‘‘shar’’, and ‘‘ustar’’. Other formats may also be d252 2 a253 2
−f file
d255 1 a255 1Read the archive from or write d257 26 a282 3 - for standard input or standard output. If not specified, the default tape device will be used. (On FreeBSD, the default tape device is /dev/sa0.)
d284 1 d286 1 a286 3−H
(c and r mode d291 4 d296 1 a296 1
−h
d298 4 a301 2(c and r mode only) Synonym for −L.
d303 1 a304 1−I
d306 1 a306 2Synonym for −T.
d308 3 d312 1 a312 1−-include d315 1 a315 1
Process only files or d317 1 a317 1 exclusions specified with −-exclude take d320 2 a321 2 −-include option is especially useful when filtering archives. For example, the command
d323 2 a324 2tar −c −f new.tar −-include=’*foo*’ d327 1 a327 1
creates a new archive d329 1 a329 1 old.tgz containing the string ‘foo’.
d331 2 d334 5 a338 1−j
d340 3 a342 5(c mode only) Compress the resulting archive with bzip2(1). In extract or list modes, this option is ignored. Note that, unlike other tar implementations, this implementation recognizes bzip2 compression automatically when reading archives.
d344 5 d350 2 a351 1−k
d353 4 a356 4(x mode only) Do not overwrite existing files. In particular, if a file appears more than once in an archive, later copies will not overwrite earlier copies.
d359 1 a359 1−-keep-newer-files
d361 1 a361 1(x mode only) Do not overwrite d365 2 d368 4 a371 1
−L
d373 6 a378 4(c and r mode only) All symbolic links will be followed. Normally, symbolic links are archived as such. With this option, the target of the link will be archived instead.
d380 1 d382 3 a384 1−l
d386 1 a386 2This is a synonym for the −-check-links option.
d388 7 d396 1 a396 1−m
d398 3 a400 4(x mode only) Do not extract modification time. By default, the modification time is set to the time stored in the archive.
d402 2 d405 3 a407 1−n
d409 3 a411 3(c, r, u modes only) Do not recursively archive the contents of directories.
d413 2 d416 1 a416 1−-newer d419 1 a419 1
(c, r, u modes only) Only d424 1 a424 1
−-newer-mtime d427 2 a428 2
(c, r, u modes only) Like −-newer, except it compares mtime entries d431 1 a431 2
−-newer-than d434 1 a434 1
(c, r, u modes only) Only d439 1 a439 1
−-newer-mtime-than d442 11 a452 3
(c, r, u modes only) Like −-newer-than, except it compares mtime entries instead of ctime entries.
d454 5 d460 1 a460 1−-nodump
d462 5 a466 2(c and r modes only) Honor the nodump file flag by skipping this file.
d469 1 a469 1−-null
d471 4 a474 5(use with −I, −T, or −X) Filenames or patterns are separated by null characters, not by newlines. This is often used to read filenames output by the −print0 option to find(1).
d477 1 a477 1−-numeric-owner
d479 5 a483 3(x mode only) Ignore symbolic user and group names when restoring archives to disk, only numeric uid and gid values will be obeyed.
d486 1 a486 1−O
d488 7 a494 5(x, t modes only) In extract (-x) mode, files will be written to standard out rather than being extracted to disk. In list (-t) mode, the file listing will be written to stderr rather than the usual stdout.
d496 2 d499 4 a502 1−o
d504 3 a506 1(x mode) Use d515 1 d517 2 a518 1
−o
d520 2 a521 2(c, r, u mode) A synonym for −-format ustar
d523 3 a526 1−-one-file-system
d528 26 a553 1(c, r, and u modes) Do not d556 1 a556 2
−-options d559 1 a559 1
Select optional behaviors for d566 1 a566 1
key=value
d568 1 a568 1The key will be set to the d572 1 a572 1
key
d574 1 a574 1The key will be d578 1 a578 1
!key
d580 1 a580 1The key will be d583 1 a583 1
module:key=value, module:key, d586 1 a586 1
As above, but the corresponding d590 1 a590 1
The currently supported modules d593 1 a593 1
iso9660:joliet
d595 1 a595 1Support Joliet extensions. This d599 1 a599 1
iso9660:rockridge
d601 1 a601 1Support Rock Ridge extensions. d605 1 a605 1
gzip:compression-level
d607 1 a607 1A decimal integer from 0 to 9 d610 18 a627 1
xz:compression-level
d629 6 a634 1A decimal integer from 0 to 9 d637 1 a637 1
mtree:keyword
d639 1 a639 1The mtree writer module allows d647 1 a647 1 ‘‘device, flags, gid, gname, link, mode, nlink, d650 1 a650 1
mtree:all
d652 1 a652 1Enables all of the above d656 1 a656 1
mtree:use-set
d658 1 a658 1Enable generation of d661 1 a661 1
mtree:indent
d663 1 a663 1Produce human-readable output d667 1 a667 1
zip:compression=type
d669 1 a669 1Use type as compression d673 1 a673 1
If a provided option is not d676 2 d679 22 a700 1
−P
d702 2 a703 21Preserve pathnames. By default, absolute pathnames (those that begin with a / character) have the leading slash removed both when creating archives and extracting from them. Also, tar will refuse to extract archive entries whose pathnames contain .. or whose target directory would be altered by a symlink. This option suppresses these behaviors.
−p
(x mode only) Preserve file permissions. Attempt to restore the full permissions, including owner, file modes, file flags and ACLs, if available, for each item extracted from the archive. By default, newly-created files are owned by the user running tar, the file mode is restored for newly-created regular files, and all other types of entries receive default permissions. If tar is being run by root, the default is to restore the owner unless the −o option is also specified.
d705 2 a706 2−q (−-fast-read)
d708 1 a708 1(x and t mode only) Extract or d717 1 d719 1 a719 3
−S
(x mode only) d722 1 a722 1 otherwise. This works similiar to the conv=sparse option of d725 2 d728 31 a758 2
−-strip-components count
a759 5(x mode only) Remove the specified number of leading path elements. Pathnames with fewer elements will be silently skipped. Note that the pathname is edited after checking inclusion/exclusion patterns but before security checks.
d761 2 a762 2−s pattern
d764 5 a768 16Modify file or archive member names according to pattern. The pattern has the format /old/new/[gps] where old is a basic regular expression, new is the replacement string of the matched part, and the optional trailing letters modify how the replacement is handled. If old is not matched, the pattern is skipped. Within new, ~ is substituted with the match, 1 to 9 with the content of the corresponding captured group. The optional trailing g specifies that matching should continue after the matched part and stopped on the first unmatched pattern. The optional trailing s specifies that the pattern applies to the value of symbolic links. The optional trailing p specifies that after a successful substitution the original path name and the new path name should be printed to standard error.
d770 2 a771 2−T filename
d773 1 a773 1In x or t mode, tar will d777 1 a777 1 ‘‘-C’’ on a line by itself will d780 42 a821 6 newlines unless −-null is specified. Note that −-null also disables the special handling of lines containing ‘‘-C’’.
−U
a822 6(x mode only) Unlink files before creating them. Without this option, tar overwrites existing files, which preserves existing hardlinks. With this option, existing hardlinks will be broken, as will any symlink that would affect the location of an extracted file.
d824 1 a824 2−-use-compress-program d827 1 a827 1
Pipe the input (in x or t mode) d831 2 d834 5 a838 7
−v
Produce verbose output. In create and extract modes, tar will list each file name as it is read from or written to the archive. In list mode, tar will produce output similar to that of ls(1). Additional −v options will provide d842 1 a842 1
−-version
d844 1 a844 1Print version of tar and d847 3 d851 2 a852 1
−w
d854 2 a855 5Ask for confirmation for every action.
−X filename
d857 4 a860 3Read a list of exclusion patterns from the specified file. See −-exclude for more information about the handling of exclusions.
d862 1 d864 1 a864 3−y
(c mode only) d870 10 d881 2 a882 1
−z
d884 5 a888 5(c mode only) Compress the resulting archive with gzip(1). In extract or list modes, this option is ignored. Note that, unlike other tar implementations, this implementation recognizes gzip compression automatically when reading archives.
d890 1 d892 2 a893 1−Z
d895 1 a895 6(c mode only) Compress the resulting archive with compress(1). In extract or list modes, this option is ignored. Note that, unlike other tar implementations, this implementation recognizes compress compression automatically when reading archives.
d897 3 d901 1 a901 1ENVIRONMENT
d903 3 a905 2The following environment variables affect the execution of tar:
d907 1 a907 1LANG
d909 1 a909 1The locale to d912 1 a912 1
TAPE
d914 4 a917 2The default tape device. The −f option overrides this.
d919 1 a919 1TZ
d921 1 a921 1The timezone to d925 1 a925 9
FILES
/dev/sa0
The default tape device, if not overridden by the TAPE environment variable or the −f option.
EXIT STATUS
d927 1 a927 1The tar utility d931 1 d933 1 a933 3
EXAMPLES
The following creates a new d937 1 a937 1
tar −czf d940 1 a940 1
To view a d943 1 a943 1
tar −tvf d946 1 a946 1
To extract all d949 1 a949 1
tar −x
d951 1 a951 1To examine the d954 1 a954 1
tar −tf d957 1 a957 1
To move file d960 1 a960 1
tar −cf - d964 1 a964 1
or more traditionally
d966 1 a966 1cd srcdir ; tar d970 1 a970 1
In create mode, d977 1 a977 1
tar −c −f d981 1 a981 1
will create a new archive d989 1 a989 1
An input file in d994 1 a994 1
$ cat d1001 8 a1008 7
The −-newer and −-newer-mtime switches accept a variety of common date and time specifications, including ‘‘12 Mar 2005 7:14:29pm’’, ‘‘2005-03-12 19:14’’, ‘‘5 minutes ago’’, and ‘‘19:14 PST May 1’’.
d1010 2 a1011 2The −-options argument can be used to control d1016 3 a1018 3
tar −cf file.tar −-format=mtree −-options=’!all,type,time,uid’ d1021 1 a1021 1
or you can set the compression d1024 1 a1024 1
tar −czf d1026 1 a1026 1 −-options=’compression-level=9’.
d1028 1 a1028 1For more details, see the d1033 1 d1035 1 a1035 3
COMPATIBILITY
The bundled-arguments format is d1043 1 a1043 1
tar tbf 32 d1046 1 a1046 1
specifies three flags t, d1053 1 a1053 1
The mode options d1057 1 a1057 1
For maximum d1064 1 a1064 1
Additional long d1068 1 d1070 1 a1070 3
SECURITY
Certain security issues are d1082 1 a1082 1
•
d1084 1 a1084 1Archive entries can have d1089 1 a1089 1
•
d1091 1 a1091 1Archive entries can have d1096 1 a1096 1
•
d1098 1 a1098 1Archive entries can exploit d1110 1 a1110 1
To protect yourself, you should d1114 1 a1114 1
tar −tf d1117 1 a1117 1
before extraction. You should d1128 1 a1128 1
SEE ALSO
d1130 2 a1131 2bzip2(1), compress(1), cpio(1), gzip(1), mt(1), pax(1), shar(1), libarchive(3), d1134 1 d1136 1 a1136 3
STANDARDS
There is no current POSIX d1138 1 a1138 1 9945-1:1996 (‘‘POSIX.1’’) but was d1140 3 a1142 3 (‘‘POSIX.1’’). The options used by this implementation were developed by surveying a number of existing tar implementations as well as the old POSIX d1146 1 a1146 1
The ustar and d1148 1 a1148 1 1003.1-2001 (‘‘POSIX.1’’) for the d1151 1 a1151 1
HISTORY
d1153 1 a1153 1A tar command appeared in d1162 1 a1162 1
This is a d1164 2 a1165 1 library.
d1167 1 a1167 1BUGS
d1169 2 a1170 2This program follows ISO/IEC 9945-1:1996 (‘‘POSIX.1’’) for the d1173 1 a1173 1 for the −-one-file-system option.
d1175 1 a1175 1The d1179 1 a1179 1
All archive d1193 1 a1193 1
The compression d1198 1 a1198 1
tar −czf - d1201 1 a1201 1
and that generated by
d1203 1 a1203 1tar −cf - d1206 1 a1206 1
The default d1210 1 a1210 1
The r and d1216 1 a1216 1
To archive a d1220 1 a1220 1
In create mode, d1224 1 a1224 1
There needs to d1228 1 a1228 1
There is not yet d1232 1 a1232 1
Converting d1239 2 a1240 7
There are alternative long options for many of the short options that are deliberately not documented.
FreeBSD 8.0 Oct 12, 2009 FreeBSD 8.0
@ 1.1.1.1 log @Import libarchive 2.8.0: - Infrastructure: - Allow command line tools as fallback for missing compression libraries. If compiled without gzip for example, gunzip will be used automatically. - Improved support for a number of platforms like high-resolution timestamps and Extended Attributes on various Unix systems - New convience interface for creating archives based on disk content, complement of the archive_write_disk interface. - Frontends: - bsdcpio ready for public consumption - hand-written date parser replaces the yacc code - Filter system: - Simplified read filter chains - Option support for filters - LZMA, XZ, uudecode handled - Format support: - Write support for mtree files based on file system or archive content - Basic read support for Joliet - Write support for zip files - Write support for shar archives, both text-only and binary-safe @ text @@ 1.1.1.2 log @libarchive-2.8.2: - Fix NULL deference for short self-extracting zip archives - Don't dereference symlinks on Linux when reading ACLs - Better detection of SHA2 support for old OpenSSL versions - Fix parsing of input files for bsdtar -T - Do not leak setup_xattr into the global namespace - Fix build when an older libarchive is already installed - Use O_BINARY opening files in bsdtar - Include missing archive_crc32.h - Correctly include iconv.h required by libxml2 @ text @d1 1014 a1014 1839 %!PS-Adobe-3.0 %%Creator: groff version 1.19.2 %%CreationDate: Sun Mar 14 02:49:18 2010 %%DocumentNeededResources: font Times-Roman %%DocumentSuppliedResources: procset grops 1.19 2 %%Pages: 167 %%PageOrder: Ascend %%DocumentMedia: Default 612 792 0 () () %%Orientation: Portrait %%EndComments %%BeginDefaults %%PageMedia: Default %%EndDefaults %%BeginProlog %%BeginResource: procset grops 1.19 2 %!PS-Adobe-3.0 Resource-ProcSet /setpacking where{ pop currentpacking true setpacking }if /grops 120 dict dup begin /SC 32 def /A/show load def /B{0 SC 3 -1 roll widthshow}bind def /C{0 exch ashow}bind def /D{0 exch 0 SC 5 2 roll awidthshow}bind def /E{0 rmoveto show}bind def /F{0 rmoveto 0 SC 3 -1 roll widthshow}bind def /G{0 rmoveto 0 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setlinecap 1 setlinejoin 72 RES div dup scale LS{ 90 rotate }{ 0 PL translate }ifelse 1 -1 scale }bind def /EP{ level0 restore showpage }def /DA{ newpath arcn stroke }bind def /SN{ transform .25 sub exch .25 sub exch round .25 add exch round .25 add exch itransform }bind def /DL{ SN moveto SN lineto stroke }bind def /DC{ newpath 0 360 arc closepath }bind def /TM matrix def /DE{ TM currentmatrix pop translate scale newpath 0 0 .5 0 360 arc closepath TM setmatrix }bind def /RC/rcurveto load def /RL/rlineto load def /ST/stroke load def /MT/moveto load def /CL/closepath load def /Fr{ setrgbcolor fill }bind def /setcmykcolor where{ pop /Fk{ setcmykcolor fill }bind def }if /Fg{ setgray fill }bind def /FL/fill load def /LW/setlinewidth load def /Cr/setrgbcolor load def /setcmykcolor where{ pop /Ck/setcmykcolor load def }if /Cg/setgray load def /RE{ findfont dup maxlength 1 index/FontName known not{1 add}if dict begin { 1 index/FID ne{def}{pop pop}ifelse }forall /Encoding exch def dup/FontName exch def currentdict end definefont pop }bind def /DEFS 0 def /EBEGIN{ moveto DEFS begin }bind def /EEND/end load def /CNT 0 def /level1 0 def /PBEGIN{ /level1 save def translate div 3 1 roll div exch scale neg exch neg exch translate 0 setgray 0 setlinecap 1 setlinewidth 0 setlinejoin 10 setmiterlimit []0 setdash /setstrokeadjust where{ pop false setstrokeadjust }if /setoverprint where{ pop false setoverprint }if newpath /CNT countdictstack def userdict begin /showpage{}def /setpagedevice{}def }bind def /PEND{ countdictstack CNT sub{end}repeat level1 restore }bind def end def /setpacking where{ pop setpacking }if %%EndResource %%EndProlog %%BeginSetup %%BeginFeature: *PageSize Default << /PageSize [ 612 792 ] /ImagingBBox null >> setpagedevice %%EndFeature %%IncludeResource: font Times-Roman grops begin/DEFS 1 dict def DEFS begin/u{.001 mul}bind def end/RES 72 def/PL 792 def/LS false def/ENC0[/asciicircum/asciitilde/Scaron/Zcaron 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archi)0 60 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G
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ne)0 72 Q
(w\214le @@original.tar)
-.25 E 0 Cg EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@@0 SF(ne)0 36 Q
(w\214le)-.25 E(and all of the entries from)0 48 Q
(original.tar.)0 60 Q(In contrast,)0 72 Q 0 Cg
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%%Page: 22 22
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@@0 SF( -\
ne)0 36 Q(w\214le original.tar)-.25 E
( - \255-format \
pax @@-)0 36 Q(-)0 48 Q
(for standard input or standard output.)0 60 Q
(If not speci\214ed, the def)0 72 Q(ault tape de)-.1 E
(vice will be used.)-.25 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 32 32
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 10/Times-Roman@@0 SF(\(On)0 12 Q(FreeBSD,)0 24 Q(the def)0 36 Q
(ault tape de)-.1 E(vice is)-.25 E(/de)0 48 Q
(v/sa0.\))-.25 E( ne)0 60 Q -.65(w.)-.25
G(tar \255-include='*foo*' @@old.tgz).65 E(
)0 72 Q 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 37 37
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 10/Times-Roman@@0 SF(creates a ne)0 12 Q 2.5(wa)-.25 G(rchi)-2.5 E
-.15(ve)-.25 G(ne)0 24 Q -.65(w.)-.25 G(tar)
.65 E(containing only the entries from)0 36 Q
(old.tgz)0 48 Q(containing the string)0 60 Q
(`foo'.)0 72 Q 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 38 38
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 10/Times-Roman@@0 SF(- \255j
- )0 12 Q
(\(c mode only\))0 24 Q(Compress the resulting archi)0 36 Q .3 -.15
(ve w)-.25 H(ith).15 E(bzip2\(1\).)0
48 Q(In e)0 60 Q(xtract or list modes, this option is ignored.)-.15 E
(Note that, unlik)0 72 Q 2.5(eo)-.1 G(ther)-2.5 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 39 39
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 10/Times-Roman@@0 SF(tar)0 12 Q
(implementations, this implementation recognizes bzip2 compression)0 24
Q(automatically when reading archi)0 36 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(s.).15 E
(
- \255k
- )0 48 Q(\(x mode only\))0 60 Q(Do not o)0
72 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(rwrite e).15 E(xisting \214les.)-.15 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 40 40
%%BeginPageSetup
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%%EndPageSetup
/F0 10/Times-Roman@@0 SF(In particular)0 12 Q 2.5(,i)-.4 G 2.5(fa\214)
-2.5 G(le appears more than once in an archi)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(,).15
E(later copies will not o)0 24 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(rwrite earlier copies.)
.15 E(
- \255-k)0 36 Q(eep-ne)-.1 E(wer)-.25 E
(-\214les
- )-.2 E(\(x mode only\))0 48 Q(Do not o)0 60 Q -.15(ve)
-.15 G(rwrite e).15 E(xisting \214les that are ne)-.15 E(wer than the)
-.25 E -.15(ve)0 72 S(rsions appearing in the archi).15 E .3 -.15(ve b)
-.25 H(eing e).15 E(xtracted.)-.15 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 41 41
%%BeginPageSetup
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%%EndPageSetup
/F0 10/Times-Roman@@0 SF(
- \255L
- )0 12 Q
(\(c and r mode only\))0 24 Q(All symbolic links will be follo)0 36 Q
(wed.)-.25 E(Normally)0 48 Q 2.5(,s)-.65 G(ymbolic links are archi)-2.5
E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(da).15 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(uch.)-2.5 E -.4(Wi)0 60 S
(th this option, the tar).4 E(get of the link will be archi)-.18 E -.15
(ve)-.25 G 2.5(di).15 G(nstead.)-2.5 E(
- \255l
- )0
72 Q 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 42 42
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 10/Times-Roman@@0 SF(This is a synon)0 12 Q(ym for the)-.15 E
(\255-check-links)0 24 Q(option.)0 36 Q
(
- \255m
- )0 48 Q(\(x mode only\))0 60 Q(Do not e)0
72 Q(xtract modi\214cation time.)-.15 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 43 43
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 10/Times-Roman@@0 SF(By def)0 12 Q
(ault, the modi\214cation time is set to the time stored in the archi)
-.1 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E(
- \255n
- )0 24 Q
(\(c, r)0 36 Q 2.5(,um)-.4 G(odes only\))-2.5 E(Do not recursi)0 48 Q
-.15(ve)-.25 G(ly archi).15 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.25 H
(he contents of directories.).15 E(
- \255-ne)0 60 Q
(wer date
- )-.25 E(\(c, r)0 72 Q 2.5(,um)-.4 G
(odes only\))-2.5 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 44 44
%%BeginPageSetup
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%%EndPageSetup
/F0 10/Times-Roman@@0 SF(Only include \214les and directories ne)0 12 Q
(wer than the speci\214ed date.)-.25 E(This compares ctime entries.)0 24
Q(
- \255-ne)0 36 Q(wer)-.25 E
(-mtime date
- )-.2 E(\(c, r)0 48 Q 2.5(,um)-.4 G
(odes only\))-2.5 E(Lik)0 60 Q(e)-.1 E(\255-ne)0 72 Q
(wer,)-.25 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 45 45
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 10/Times-Roman@@0 SF -.15(ex)0 12 S
(cept it compares mtime entries instead of ctime entries.).15 E
(
- \255-ne)0 24 Q(wer)-.25 E
(-than
\214le - )-.2 E(\(c, r)0 36 Q 2.5
(,um)-.4 G(odes only\))-2.5 E(Only include \214les and directories ne)0
48 Q(wer than the speci\214ed \214le.)-.25 E
(This compares ctime entries.)0 60 Q(
- \255-ne)0 72 Q
(wer)-.25 E(-mtime-than
\214le - )-.2 E 0
Cg EP
%%Page: 46 46
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 10/Times-Roman@@0 SF(\(c, r)0 12 Q 2.5(,um)-.4 G(odes only\))-2.5 E
(Lik)0 24 Q(e)-.1 E(\255-ne)0 36 Q(wer)-.25 E(-than,)-.2 E
-.15(ex)0 48 S(cept it compares mtime entries instead of ctime entries.)
.15 E(
- \255-nodump
- )0 60 Q
(\(c and r modes only\))0 72 Q 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 47 47
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 10/Times-Roman@@0 SF
(Honor the nodump \214le \215ag by skipping this \214le.)0 12 Q
(
- \255-null
- )0 24 Q(\(use with)0 36 Q
(\255I,)0 48 Q(\255T,)0 60 Q(or)0 72 Q 0 Cg
EP
%%Page: 48 48
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 10/Times-Roman@@0 SF(\255X\))0 12 Q
(Filenames or patterns are separated by null characters,)0 24 Q
(not by ne)0 36 Q(wlines.)-.25 E
(This is often used to read \214lenames output by the)0 48 Q
(\255print0)0 60 Q(option to)0 72 Q 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 49 49
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 10/Times-Roman@@0 SF(\214nd\(1\).)
0 12 Q(
- \255-numeric-o)0 24 Q(wner
- )-.25 E
(\(x mode only\))0 36 Q
(Ignore symbolic user and group names when restoring archi)0 48 Q -.15
(ve)-.25 G 2.5(st).15 G 2.5(od)-2.5 G(isk,)-2.5 E
(only numeric uid and gid v)0 60 Q(alues will be obe)-.25 E(yed.)-.15 E
(
- \255O
- )0 72 Q 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 50 50
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 10/Times-Roman@@0 SF(\(x, t modes only\))0 12 Q(In e)0 24 Q(xtract \
\(-x\) mode, \214les will be written to standard out rather than)-.15 E
(being e)0 36 Q(xtracted to disk.)-.15 E(In list \(-t\) mode, the \214l\
e listing will be written to stderr rather than)0 48 Q
(the usual stdout.)0 60 Q(
- \255o
- )0 72 Q 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 51 51
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 10/Times-Roman@@0 SF(\(x mode\))0 12 Q
(Use the user and group of the user running the program rather)0 24 Q
(than those speci\214ed in the archi)0 36 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E
(Note that this has no signi\214cance unless)0 48 Q(\255p)
0 60 Q(is speci\214ed, and the program is being run by the root user)0
72 Q(.)-.55 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 52 52
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 10/Times-Roman@@0 SF(In this case, the \214le modes and \215ags from)
0 12 Q(the archi)0 24 Q .3 -.15(ve w)-.25 H(ill be restored, b).15 E
(ut A)-.2 E(CLs or o)-.4 E(wner information in)-.25 E(the archi)0 36 Q
.3 -.15(ve w)-.25 H(ill be discarded.).15 E
(
- \255o
- )0 48 Q(\(c, r)0 60 Q 2.5(,um)-.4 G
(ode\))-2.5 E 2.5(As)0 72 S(ynon)-2.5 E(ym for)-.15 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 53 53
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 10/Times-Roman@@0 SF(\255-format ustar)0
12 Q(
- \255-one-\214le-system
- )0 24 Q(\(c, r)0 36
Q 2.5(,a)-.4 G(nd u modes\))-2.5 E(Do not cross mount points.)0 48 Q
(
- \255-options options
- )0 60 Q
(Select optional beha)0 72 Q(viors for particular modules.)-.2 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 54 54
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 10/Times-Roman@@0 SF(The ar)0 12 Q(gument is a te)-.18 E
(xt string containing comma-separated)-.15 E -.1(ke)0 24 S(yw)-.05 E
(ords and v)-.1 E(alues.)-.25 E
(These are passed to the modules that handle particular)0 36 Q
(formats to control ho)0 48 Q 2.5(wt)-.25 G(hose formats will beha)-2.5
E -.15(ve)-.2 G(.).15 E(Each option has one of the follo)0 60 Q
(wing forms:)-.25 E(
)0 72 Q 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 55 55
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 10/Times-Roman@@0 SF(- k)0 12 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G(=v).15 E
(alue
- )-.25 E(The k)0 24 Q .3 -.15(ey w)-.1 H
(ill be set to the speci\214ed v).15 E(alue in e)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G
(ry module that supports it.).15 E(Modules that do not support this k)0
36 Q .3 -.15(ey w)-.1 H(ill ignore it.).15 E(
- k)0 48 Q -.15
(ey)-.1 G(
- ).15 E(The k)0 60 Q .3 -.15(ey w)-.1 H
(ill be enabled in e).15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ry module that supports it.)
.15 E(This is equi)0 72 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 56 56
%%BeginPageSetup
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%%EndPageSetup
/F0 10/Times-Roman@@0 SF(k)0 12 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G
(=1.).15 E(
- !k)0 24 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G
(
- ).15 E(The k)0 36 Q .3 -.15(ey w)-.1 H(ill be disabled in e).15
E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ry module that supports it.).15 E
(
- module:k)0 48 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G(=v).15 E
(alue, module:k)-.25 E -.15(ey)-.1 G
(, module:!k).15 E -.15(ey)-.1 G(
- ).15 E(As abo)0
60 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(,b).15 G(ut the corresponding k)-2.7 E .3 -.15
(ey a)-.1 H(nd v).15 E(alue will be pro)-.25 E(vided)-.15 E
(only to modules whose name matches)0 72 Q 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 57 57
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 10/Times-Roman@@0 SF(module.)0 12 Q(
)0 24 Q
(The currently supported modules and k)0 36 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.5(sa).15 G
(re:)-2.5 E()0 48 Q(- iso9660:joliet
- )0
60 Q(Support Joliet e)0 72 Q(xtensions.)-.15 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 58 58
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 10/Times-Roman@@0 SF(This is enabled by def)0 12 Q(ault, use)-.1 E
(!joliet)0 24 Q(or)0 36 Q(iso9660:!joliet)0
48 Q(to disable.)0 60 Q(
- iso9660:rockridge
- )0 72 Q 0
Cg EP
%%Page: 59 59
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 10/Times-Roman@@0 SF(Support Rock Ridge e)0 12 Q(xtensions.)-.15 E
(This is enabled by def)0 24 Q(ault, use)-.1 E(!rockridge)
0 36 Q(or)0 48 Q(iso9660:!rockridge)0 60 Q(to disable.)0
72 Q 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 60 60
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 10/Times-Roman@@0 SF(
- gzip:compression-le)0 12 Q -.15
(ve)-.25 G(l
- ).15 E 2.5(Ad)0 24 S(ecimal inte)-2.5 E
(ger from 0 to 9 specifying the gzip compression le)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.25
G(l.).15 E(
- xz:compression-le)0 36 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G
(l
- ).15 E 2.5(Ad)0 48 S(ecimal inte)-2.5 E
(ger from 0 to 9 specifying the xz compression le)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G
(l.).15 E(
- mtree:k)0 60 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G -.1
(wo).15 G(rd
- ).1 E(The mtree writer module allo)0 72 Q
(ws you to specify which mtree k)-.25 E -.15(ey)-.1 G -.1(wo).15 G(rds)
.1 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 61 61
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 10/Times-Roman@@0 SF(will be included in the output.)0 12 Q
(Supported k)0 24 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G -.1(wo).15 G(rds include:).1 E
(cksum, de)0 36 Q(vice, \215ags, gid, gname, indent,)-.25 E
(link, md5, mode, n\
link, rmd160, sha1, sha256,)0 48 Q(sha384, sha512, size, time, uid, uname.)0 60 Q
(The def)0 72 Q(ault is equi)-.1 E -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to:).25 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 62 62
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 10/Times-Roman@@0 SF -.74(``)0 12 S(de).74 E(vice, \215ags, gid, gna\
me, link, mode, nlink, size, time, type, uid, uname')-.25 E('.)-.74 E
(
- mtree:all
- )0 24 Q(Enables all of the abo)0 36 Q .3
-.15(ve k)-.15 H -.15(ey).05 G -.1(wo).15 G(rds.).1 E -1.1(Yo)0 48 S 2.5
(uc)1.1 G(an also use)-2.5 E(mtree:!all)0 60 Q
(to disable all k)0 72 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G -.1(wo).15 G(rds.).1 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 63 63
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 10/Times-Roman@@0 SF(
- mtree:use-set
- )0 12 Q
(Enable generation of)0 24 Q(/set)0 36 Q
(lines in the output.)0 48 Q(
- mtree:indent
- )0 60 Q
(Produce human-readable output by indenting options and splitting lines)
0 72 Q 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 64 64
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 10/Times-Roman@@0 SF(to \214t into 80 columns.)0 12 Q
(
- zip:compression=type
- )0 24 Q(Use)0
36 Q(type)0 48 Q(as compression method.)0 60 Q
(Supported v)0 72 Q
(alues are store \(uncompressed\) and de\215ate \(gzip algorithm\).)-.25
E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 65 65
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 10/Times-Roman@@0 SF(
)0 12 Q(If a pro)0 24 Q
(vided option is not supported by an)-.15 E 2.5(ym)-.15 G(odule, that)
-2.5 E(is a f)0 36 Q(atal error)-.1 E(.)-.55 E
( - \255P
- )0 48 Q(Preserv)0 60 Q 2.5(ep)-.15 G
(athnames.)-2.5 E(By def)0 72 Q
(ault, absolute pathnames \(those that be)-.1 E(gin with a /)-.15 E 0 Cg
EP
%%Page: 66 66
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 10/Times-Roman@@0 SF(character\) ha)0 12 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H
(he leading slash remo).15 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(db).15 G
(oth when creating archi)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(s).15 E(and e)0 24 Q
(xtracting from them.)-.15 E(Also,)0 36 Q(tar)0 48 Q
(will refuse to e)0 60 Q(xtract archi)-.15 E .3 -.15(ve e)-.25 H
(ntries whose pathnames contain).15 E(
..)0 72
Q 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 67 67
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 10/Times-Roman@@0 SF(or whose tar)0 12 Q(get directory w)-.18 E
(ould be altered by a symlink.)-.1 E(This option suppresses these beha)0
24 Q(viors.)-.2 E( - \255p
- )0 36 Q(\(x mode only\))
0 48 Q(Preserv)0 60 Q 2.5<658c>-.15 G(le permissions.)-2.5 E
(Attempt to restore the full permissions, including o)0 72 Q(wner)-.25 E
2.5<2c8c>-.4 G(le modes, \214le)-2.5 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 68 68
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 10/Times-Roman@@0 SF(\215ags and A)0 12 Q(CLs, if a)-.4 E -.25(va)-.2
G(ilable, for each item e).25 E(xtracted from the archi)-.15 E -.15(ve)
-.25 G(.).15 E(By def)0 24 Q(ault, ne)-.1 E(wly-created \214les are o)
-.25 E(wned by the user running)-.25 E(,)0 36 Q
(the \214le mode is restored for ne)0 48 Q(wly-created re)-.25 E
(gular \214les, and)-.15 E(all other types of entries recei)0 60 Q .3
-.15(ve d)-.25 H(ef).15 E(ault permissions.)-.1 E(If)0 72 Q 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 69 69
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 10/Times-Roman@@0 SF(tar)0 12 Q(is being run by root, the def)
0 24 Q(ault is to restore the o)-.1 E(wner unless the)-.25 E
(\255o)0 36 Q(option is also speci\214ed.)0 48 Q
(
- \255q \255\(-f)0 60 Q
(ast-read
- \))-.1 E(\(x and t mode only\))0 72 Q 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 70 70
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 10/Times-Roman@@0 SF(Extract or list only the \214rst archi)0 12 Q .3
-.15(ve e)-.25 H(ntry that matches each pattern).15 E
(or \214lename operand.)0 24 Q(Exit as soon as each speci\214ed pattern\
or \214lename has been matched.)0 36 Q(By def)0 48 Q(ault, the archi)
-.1 E .3 -.15(ve i)-.25 H 2.5(sa).15 G -.1(lwa)-2.5 G(ys read to the v)
.1 E(ery end, since)-.15 E
(there can be multiple entries with the same name and, by con)0 60 Q
-.15(ve)-.4 G(ntion,).15 E(later entries o)0 72 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G
(rwrite earlier entries.).15 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 71 71
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 10/Times-Roman@@0 SF(This option is pro)0 12 Q
(vided as a performance optimization.)-.15 E
(
- \255S
- )0 24 Q(\(x mode only\))0 36 Q
(Extract \214les as sparse \214les.)0 48 Q -.15(Fo)0 60 S 2.5(re).15 G
-.15(ve)-2.75 G(ry block on disk, check \214rst if it contains only NUL\
L bytes and seek).15 E -.15(ove)0 72 S 2.5(ri).15 G 2.5(to)-2.5 G
(therwise.)-2.5 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 72 72
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 10/Times-Roman@@0 SF(This w)0 12 Q(orks similiar to the con)-.1 E
(v=sparse option of dd.)-.4 E
(
- \255-strip-components count
- )0 24
Q(\(x mode only\))0 36 Q(Remo)0 48 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.15 H
(he speci\214ed number of leading path elements.).15 E -.15(Pa)0 60 S
(thnames with fe).15 E(wer elements will be silently skipped.)-.25 E
(Note that the pathname is edited after checking inclusion/e)0 72 Q
(xclusion patterns)-.15 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 73 73
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 10/Times-Roman@@0 SF -.2(bu)0 12 S 2.5(tb).2 G
(efore security checks.)-2.5 E
(
- \255s pattern
- )0 24 Q
(Modify \214le or archi)0 36 Q .3 -.15(ve m)-.25 H
(ember names according to).15 E(
pattern.)0 48
Q(The pattern has the format)0 60 Q(/old/ne)0 72 Q
(w/[gps])-.25 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 74 74
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 10/Times-Roman@@0 SF(where)0 12 Q(old)0 24 Q
(is a basic re)0 36 Q(gular e)-.15 E(xpression,)-.15 E(ne)0 48
Q(w)-.25 E(is the replacement string of the matched part,)0 60 Q
(and the optional trailing letters modify)0 72 Q 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 75 75
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 10/Times-Roman@@0 SF(ho)0 12 Q 2.5(wt)-.25 G
(he replacement is handled.)-2.5 E(If)0 24 Q(old)0 36 Q
(is not matched, the pattern is skipped.)0 48 Q -.4(Wi)0 60 S(thin).4 E
(ne)0 72 Q(w,)-.25 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 76 76
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 10/Times-Roman@@0 SF 2.5(~i)0 12 S 2.5(ss)-2.5 G
(ubstituted with the match, 1 to 9 with the content of)-2.5 E
(the corresponding captured group.)0 24 Q
(The optional trailing g speci\214es that matching should continue)0 36
Q(after the matched part and stopped on the \214rst unmatched pattern.)0
48 Q
(The optional trailing s speci\214es that the pattern applies to the v)0
60 Q(alue)-.25 E(of symbolic links.)0 72 Q 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 77 77
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 10/Times-Roman@@0 SF(The optional trailing p speci\214es that after \
a successful substitution)0 12 Q(the original path name and the ne)0 24
Q 2.5(wp)-.25 G(ath name should be printed to)-2.5 E(standard error)0 36
Q(.)-.55 E( - \255T \214lename
- )0 48
Q(In x or t mode,)0 60 Q(tar)0 72 Q 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 78 78
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 10/Times-Roman@@0 SF(will read the list of names to be e)0 12 Q
(xtracted from)-.15 E(
\214lename.)0 24 Q
(In c mode,)0 36 Q(tar)0 48 Q(will read names to be archi)0 60 Q
-.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(df).15 G(rom)-2.5 E
(\214lename.)0 72 Q 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 79 79
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 10/Times-Roman@@0 SF(The special name)0 12 Q -.74(``)0 24 S(-C').74 E
(')-.74 E
(on a line by itself will cause the current directory to be changed to)0
36 Q(the directory speci\214ed on the follo)0 48 Q(wing line.)-.25 E
(Names are terminated by ne)0 60 Q(wlines unless)-.25 E
(\255-null)0 72 Q 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 80 80
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 10/Times-Roman@@0 SF(is speci\214ed.)0 12 Q(Note that)0 24 Q
(\255-null)0 36 Q
(also disables the special handling of lines containing)0 48 Q -.74(``)0
60 S(-C').74 E('.)-.74 E( - \255U
- )0 72 Q 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 81 81
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
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@
1.1.1.3
log
@libarchive-2.8.3: Build fix for Linux
@
text
@d1 1839
a1839 1014
BSDTAR(1) FreeBSD General Commands Manual
BSDTAR(1) NAME tar — manipulate
tape archives SYNOPSIS tar
[bundled-flags ⟨ args ⟩] [⟨ tar {−c}
[options]
[files | directories] DESCRIPTION tar creates and
manipulates streaming archive files. This implementation can
extract from tar, pax, cpio, zip, jar, ar, and ISO 9660
cdrom images and can create tar, pax, cpio, ar, and shar
archives. The first
synopsis form shows a ‘‘bundled’’
option word. This usage is provided for compatibility with
historical implementations. See COMPATIBILITY below for
details. The other
synopsis forms show the preferred usage. The first option to
tar is a mode indicator from the following list: −c Create a new
archive containing the specified items. −r Like
−c, but new entries are appended to the
archive. Note that this only works on uncompressed archives
stored in regular files. The −f option is
required. −t List archive
contents to stdout. −u Like
−r, but new entries are added only if they have
a modification date newer than the corresponding entry in
the archive. Note that this only works on uncompressed
archives stored in regular files. The −f option
is required. −x Extract to disk
from the archive. If a file with the same name appears more
than once in the archive, each copy will be extracted, with
later copies overwriting (replacing) earlier copies. In
−c, −r, or −u mode,
each specified file or directory is added to the archive in
the order specified on the command line. By default, the
contents of each directory are also archived. In extract or
list mode, the entire command line is read and parsed before
the archive is opened. The pathnames or patterns on the
command line indicate which items in the archive should be
processed. Patterns are shell-style globbing patterns as
documented in tcsh(1). OPTIONS Unless specifically stated
otherwise, options are applicable in all operating
modes. @@archive (c and r mode only) The
specified archive is opened and the entries in it will be
appended to the current archive. As a simple example, tar −c −f
- newfile @@original.tar writes a new archive to
standard output containing a file newfile and all of
the entries from original.tar. In contrast, tar −c −f
- newfile original.tar creates a new archive with only
two entries. Similarly, tar −czf -
−-format pax @@- reads an archive from standard
input (whose format will be determined automatically) and
converts it into a gzip-compressed pax-format archive on
stdout. In this way, tar can be used to convert
archives from one format to another. −b
blocksize Specify the block size, in
512-byte records, for tape drive I/O. As a rule, this
argument is only needed when reading from or writing to tape
drives, and usually not even then as the default block size
of 20 records (10240 bytes) is very common. −C
directory In c and r mode, this changes
the directory before adding the following files. In x mode,
change directories after opening the archive but before
extracting entries from the archive. −-check-links (c and r modes only) Issue a
warning message unless all links to each file are
archived. −-chroot (x mode only) chroot()
to the current directory after processing any
−C options and before extracting any files. −-exclude
pattern Do not process files or
directories that match the specified pattern. Note that
exclusions take precedence over patterns or filenames
specified on the command line. −-format
format (c, r, u mode only) Use the
specified format for the created archive. Supported formats
include ‘‘cpio’’,
‘‘pax’’,
‘‘shar’’, and
‘‘ustar’’. Other formats may also be
supported; see libarchive-formats(5) for more information
about currently-supported formats. In r and u modes, when
extending an existing archive, the format specified here
must be compatible with the format of the existing archive
on disk. −f
file Read the archive from or write
the archive to the specified file. The filename can be
- for standard input or standard output. If not
specified, the default tape device will be used. (On
FreeBSD, the default tape device is /dev/sa0.) −H (c and r mode
only) Symbolic links named on the command line will be
followed; the target of the link will be archived, not the
link itself. −h (c and r mode
only) Synonym for −L. −I Synonym for
−T. −-include
pattern Process only files or
directories that match the specified pattern. Note that
exclusions specified with −-exclude take
precedence over inclusions. If no inclusions are explicitly
specified, all entries are processed by default. The
−-include option is especially useful when
filtering archives. For example, the command tar −c −f
new.tar −-include=’*foo*’
@@old.tgz creates a new archive
new.tar containing only the entries from
old.tgz containing the string ‘foo’. −j (c mode only)
Compress the resulting archive with bzip2(1). In extract or
list modes, this option is ignored. Note that, unlike other
tar implementations, this implementation recognizes
bzip2 compression automatically when reading archives. −k (x mode only)
Do not overwrite existing files. In particular, if a file
appears more than once in an archive, later copies will not
overwrite earlier copies. −-keep-newer-files (x mode only) Do not overwrite
existing files that are newer than the versions appearing in
the archive being extracted. −L (c and r mode
only) All symbolic links will be followed. Normally,
symbolic links are archived as such. With this option, the
target of the link will be archived instead. −l This is a
synonym for the −-check-links option. −m (x mode only)
Do not extract modification time. By default, the
modification time is set to the time stored in the
archive. −n (c, r, u modes
only) Do not recursively archive the contents of
directories. −-newer
date (c, r, u modes only) Only
include files and directories newer than the specified date.
This compares ctime entries. −-newer-mtime
date (c, r, u modes only) Like
−-newer, except it compares mtime entries
instead of ctime entries. −-newer-than
file (c, r, u modes only) Only
include files and directories newer than the specified file.
This compares ctime entries. −-newer-mtime-than
file (c, r, u modes only) Like
−-newer-than, except it compares mtime entries
instead of ctime entries. −-nodump (c and r modes only) Honor the
nodump file flag by skipping this file. −-null (use with
−I, −T, or −X)
Filenames or patterns are separated by null characters, not
by newlines. This is often used to read filenames output by
the −print0 option to find(1). −-numeric-owner (x mode only) Ignore symbolic
user and group names when restoring archives to disk, only
numeric uid and gid values will be obeyed. −O (x, t modes
only) In extract (-x) mode, files will be written to
standard out rather than being extracted to disk. In list
(-t) mode, the file listing will be written to stderr rather
than the usual stdout. −o (x mode) Use
the user and group of the user running the program rather
than those specified in the archive. Note that this has no
significance unless −p is specified, and the
program is being run by the root user. In this case, the
file modes and flags from the archive will be restored, but
ACLs or owner information in the archive will be
discarded. −o (c, r, u mode)
A synonym for −-format ustar −-one-file-system (c, r, and u modes) Do not
cross mount points. −-options
options Select optional behaviors for
particular modules. The argument is a text string containing
comma-separated keywords and values. These are passed to the
modules that handle particular formats to control how those
formats will behave. Each option has one of the following
forms: key=value The key will be set to the
specified value in every module that supports it. Modules
that do not support this key will ignore it. key The key will be
enabled in every module that supports it. This is equivalent
to key=1. !key The key will be
disabled in every module that supports it. module:key=value, module:key,
module:!key As above, but the corresponding
key and value will be provided only to modules whose name
matches module. The currently supported modules
and keys are: iso9660:joliet Support Joliet extensions. This
is enabled by default, use !joliet or
iso9660:!joliet to disable. iso9660:rockridge Support Rock Ridge extensions.
This is enabled by default, use !rockridge or
iso9660:!rockridge to disable. gzip:compression-level A decimal integer from 0 to 9
specifying the gzip compression level. xz:compression-level A decimal integer from 0 to 9
specifying the xz compression level. mtree:keyword The mtree writer module allows
you to specify which mtree keywords will be included in the
output. Supported keywords include: cksum,
device, flags, gid, gname,
indent, link, md5, mode,
nlink, rmd160, sha1, sha256,
sha384, sha512, size, time,
uid, uname. The default is equivalent to:
‘‘device, flags, gid, gname, link, mode, nlink,
size, time, type, uid, uname’’. mtree:all Enables all of the above
keywords. You can also use mtree:!all to disable all
keywords. mtree:use-set Enable generation of
/set lines in the output. mtree:indent Produce human-readable output
by indenting options and splitting lines to fit into 80
columns. zip:compression=type Use type as compression
method. Supported values are store (uncompressed) and
deflate (gzip algorithm). If a provided option is not
supported by any module, that is a fatal error. −P Preserve
pathnames. By default, absolute pathnames (those that begin
with a / character) have the leading slash removed both when
creating archives and extracting from them. Also, tar
will refuse to extract archive entries whose pathnames
contain .. or whose target directory would be altered
by a symlink. This option suppresses these behaviors. −p (x mode only)
Preserve file permissions. Attempt to restore the full
permissions, including owner, file modes, file flags and
ACLs, if available, for each item extracted from the
archive. By default, newly-created files are owned by the
user running tar, the file mode is restored for
newly-created regular files, and all other types of entries
receive default permissions. If tar is being run by
root, the default is to restore the owner unless the
−o option is also specified. −q
(−-fast-read) (x and t mode only) Extract or
list only the first archive entry that matches each pattern
or filename operand. Exit as soon as each specified pattern
or filename has been matched. By default, the archive is
always read to the very end, since there can be multiple
entries with the same name and, by convention, later entries
overwrite earlier entries. This option is provided as a
performance optimization. −S (x mode only)
Extract files as sparse files. For every block on disk,
check first if it contains only NULL bytes and seek over it
otherwise. This works similiar to the conv=sparse option of
dd. −-strip-components
count (x mode only) Remove the
specified number of leading path elements. Pathnames with
fewer elements will be silently skipped. Note that the
pathname is edited after checking inclusion/exclusion
patterns but before security checks. −s
pattern Modify file or archive member
names according to pattern. The pattern has the
format /old/new/[gps] where old is a basic
regular expression, new is the replacement string of
the matched part, and the optional trailing letters modify
how the replacement is handled. If old is not
matched, the pattern is skipped. Within new, ~ is
substituted with the match, 1 to 9 with the content of the
corresponding captured group. The optional trailing g
specifies that matching should continue after the matched
part and stopped on the first unmatched pattern. The
optional trailing s specifies that the pattern applies to
the value of symbolic links. The optional trailing p
specifies that after a successful substitution the original
path name and the new path name should be printed to
standard error. −T
filename In x or t mode, tar will
read the list of names to be extracted from filename.
In c mode, tar will read names to be archived from
filename. The special name
‘‘-C’’ on a line by itself will
cause the current directory to be changed to the directory
specified on the following line. Names are terminated by
newlines unless −-null is specified. Note that
−-null also disables the special handling of
lines containing ‘‘-C’’. −U (x mode only)
Unlink files before creating them. Without this option,
tar overwrites existing files, which preserves
existing hardlinks. With this option, existing hardlinks
will be broken, as will any symlink that would affect the
location of an extracted file. −-use-compress-program
program Pipe the input (in x or t mode)
or the output (in c mode) through program instead of
using the builtin compression support. −v Produce verbose
output. In create and extract modes, tar will list
each file name as it is read from or written to the archive.
In list mode, tar will produce output similar to that
of ls(1). Additional −v options will provide
additional detail. −-version Print version of tar and
libarchive, and exit. −w Ask for
confirmation for every action. −X
filename Read a list of exclusion
patterns from the specified file. See −-exclude
for more information about the handling of exclusions. −y (c mode only)
Compress the resulting archive with bzip2(1). In extract or
list modes, this option is ignored. Note that, unlike other
tar implementations, this implementation recognizes
bzip2 compression automatically when reading archives. −z (c mode only)
Compress the resulting archive with gzip(1). In extract or
list modes, this option is ignored. Note that, unlike other
tar implementations, this implementation recognizes
gzip compression automatically when reading archives. −Z (c mode only)
Compress the resulting archive with compress(1). In extract
or list modes, this option is ignored. Note that, unlike
other tar implementations, this implementation
recognizes compress compression automatically when reading
archives. ENVIRONMENT The following environment
variables affect the execution of tar: LANG The locale to
use. See environ(7) for more information. TAPE The default
tape device. The −f option overrides this. TZ The timezone to
use when displaying dates. See environ(7) for more
information. FILES The default
tape device, if not overridden by the TAPE environment
variable or the −f option. EXIT
STATUS The tar utility
exits 0 on success, and >0 if an error
occurs. EXAMPLES The following creates a new
archive called file.tar.gz that contains two files
source.c and source.h: tar −czf
file.tar.gz source.c source.h To view a
detailed table of contents for this archive: tar −tvf
file.tar.gz To extract all
entries from the archive on the default tape drive: tar −x To examine the
contents of an ISO 9660 cdrom image: tar −tf
image.iso To move file
hierarchies, invoke tar as tar −cf -
−C srcdir . | tar −xpf
- −C destdir or more traditionally cd srcdir ; tar
−cf - . | (cd destdir ; tar
−xpf -) In create mode,
the list of files and directories to be archived can also
include directory change instructions of the form
-Cfoo/baz and archive inclusions of the form
@@archive-file. For example, the command
line tar −c −f
new.tar foo1 @@old.tgz -C/tmp
foo2 will create a new archive
new.tar. tar will read the file foo1
from the current directory and add it to the output archive.
It will then read each entry from old.tgz and add
those entries to the output archive. Finally, it will switch
to the /tmp directory and add foo2 to the
output archive. An input file in
mtree(5) format can be used to create an output archive with
arbitrary ownership, permissions, or names that differ from
existing data on disk: $ cat
input.mtree The
−-newer and −-newer-mtime switches
accept a variety of common date and time specifications,
including ‘‘12 Mar 2005 7:14:29pm’’,
‘‘2005-03-12 19:14’’,
‘‘5 minutes ago’’, and
‘‘19:14 PST May 1’’. The
−-options argument can be used to control
various details of archive generation or reading. For
example, you can generate mtree output which only contains
type, time, and uid keywords: tar −cf
file.tar −-format=mtree
−-options=’!all,type,time,uid’
dir or you can set the compression
level used by gzip or xz compression: tar −czf
file.tar
−-options=’compression-level=9’. For more details, see the
explanation of the archive_read_set_options() and
archive_write_set_options() API calls that are
described in archive_read(3) and archive_write(3). COMPATIBILITY The bundled-arguments format is
supported for compatibility with historic implementations.
It consists of an initial word (with no leading - character)
in which each character indicates an option. Arguments
follow as separate words. The order of the arguments must
match the order of the corresponding characters in the
bundled command word. For example, tar tbf 32
file.tar specifies three flags t,
b, and f. The b and f flags both
require arguments, so there must be two additional items on
the command line. The 32 is the argument to the
b flag, and file.tar is the argument to the
f flag. The mode options
c, r, t, u, and x and the options b, f, l, m, o, v, and w
comply with SUSv2. For maximum
portability, scripts that invoke tar should use the
bundled-argument format above, should limit themselves to
the c, t, and x modes, and the
b, f, m, v, and w
options. Additional long
options are provided to improve compatibility with other tar
implementations. SECURITY Certain security issues are
common to many archiving programs, including tar. In
particular, carefully-crafted archives can request that
tar extract files to locations outside of the target
directory. This can potentially be used to cause unwitting
users to overwrite files they did not intend to overwrite.
If the archive is being extracted by the superuser, any file
on the system can potentially be overwritten. There are
three ways this can happen. Although tar has
mechanisms to protect against each one, savvy users should
be aware of the implications: • Archive entries can have
absolute pathnames. By default, tar removes the
leading / character from filenames before restoring
them to guard against this problem. • Archive entries can have
pathnames that include .. components. By default,
tar will not extract files containing ..
components in their pathname. • Archive entries can exploit
symbolic links to restore files to other directories. An
archive can restore a symbolic link to another directory,
then use that link to restore a file into that directory. To
guard against this, tar checks each extracted path
for symlinks. If the final path element is a symlink, it
will be removed and replaced with the archive entry. If
−U is specified, any intermediate symlink will
also be unconditionally removed. If neither −U
nor −P is specified, tar will refuse to
extract the entry. To protect yourself, you should
be wary of any archives that come from untrusted sources.
You should examine the contents of an archive with tar −tf
filename before extraction. You should
use the −k option to ensure that tar
will not overwrite any existing files or the −U
option to remove any pre-existing files. You should
generally not extract archives while running with super-user
privileges. Note that the −P option to
tar disables the security checks above and allows you
to extract an archive while preserving any absolute
pathnames, .. components, or symlinks to other
directories. SEE ALSO bzip2(1), compress(1), cpio(1),
gzip(1), mt(1), pax(1), shar(1), libarchive(3),
libarchive-formats(5), tar(5) STANDARDS There is no current POSIX
standard for the tar command; it appeared in ISO/IEC
9945-1:1996 (‘‘POSIX.1’’) but was
dropped from IEEE Std 1003.1-2001
(‘‘POSIX.1’’). The options used by
this implementation were developed by surveying a number of
existing tar implementations as well as the old POSIX
specification for tar and the current POSIX specification
for pax. The ustar and
pax interchange file formats are defined by IEEE Std
1003.1-2001 (‘‘POSIX.1’’) for the
pax command. HISTORY A tar command appeared in
Seventh Edition Unix, which was released in January, 1979.
There have been numerous other implementations, many of
which extended the file format. John Gilmore’s
pdtar public-domain implementation (circa November,
1987) was quite influential, and formed the basis of GNU
tar. GNU tar was included as the standard system tar in
FreeBSD beginning with FreeBSD 1.0. This is a
complete re-implementation based on the libarchive(3)
library. BUGS This program follows ISO/IEC
9945-1:1996 (‘‘POSIX.1’’) for the
definition of the −l option. Note that GNU tar
prior to version 1.15 treated −l as a synonym
for the −-one-file-system option. The
−C dir option may differ from historic
implementations. All archive
output is written in correctly-sized blocks, even if the
output is being compressed. Whether or not the last output
block is padded to a full block size varies depending on the
format and the output device. For tar and cpio formats, the
last block of output is padded to a full block size if the
output is being written to standard output or to a character
or block device such as a tape drive. If the output is being
written to a regular file, the last block will not be
padded. Many compressors, including gzip(1) and bzip2(1),
complain about the null padding when decompressing an
archive created by tar, although they still extract
it correctly. The compression
and decompression is implemented internally, so there may be
insignificant differences between the compressed output
generated by tar −czf -
file and that generated by tar −cf -
file | gzip The default
should be to read and write archives to the standard I/O
paths, but tradition (and POSIX) dictates otherwise. The r and
u modes require that the archive be uncompressed and
located in a regular file on disk. Other archives can be
modified using c mode with the @@archive-file
extension. To archive a
file called @@foo or -foo you must specify it
as ./@@foo or ./-foo, respectively. In create mode,
a leading ./ is always removed. A leading / is
stripped unless the −P option is specified. There needs to
be better support for file selection on both create and
extract. There is not yet
any support for multi-volume archives or for archiving
sparse files. Converting
between dissimilar archive formats (such as tar and cpio)
using the @@- convention can cause hard link
information to be lost. (This is a consequence of the
incompatible ways that different archive formats store
hardlink information.) There are
alternative long options for many of the short options that
are deliberately not documented. FreeBSD 9.0
Oct 12, 2009 FreeBSD 9.0 )36 36 Q(The \214rst synopsis form sho)0 48 Q
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@
1.1.1.5
log
@Import libarchive-3.2.1:
- security fixes and other bugfixes
- support for multhreading in xz 5.2+
@
text
@d1 1838
a1838 1320
TAR(1) BSD General Commands Manual TAR(1) NAME tar — manipulate
tape archives SYNOPSIS tar
[bundled-flags ⟨ args ⟩ ] [⟨ tar {−c}
[options]
[files | directories] DESCRIPTION tar creates and
manipulates streaming archive files. This implementation can
extract from tar, pax, cpio, zip, jar, ar, xar, rpm, 7-zip,
and ISO 9660 cdrom images and can create tar, pax, cpio, ar,
zip, 7-zip, and shar archives. The first
synopsis form shows a ’’bundled’’
option word. This usage is provided for compatibility with
historical implementations. See COMPATIBILITY below for
details. The other
synopsis forms show the preferred usage. The first option to
tar is a mode indicator from the following list: −c Create a new
archive containing the specified items. The long option form
is −−create. −r Like
−c, but new entries are appended to the
archive. Note that this only works on uncompressed archives
stored in regular files. The −f option is
required. The long option form is
−−append. −t List archive
contents to stdout. The long option form is
−−list. −u Like
−r, but new entries are added only if they have
a modification date newer than the corresponding entry in
the archive. Note that this only works on uncompressed
archives stored in regular files. The −f option
is required. The long form is
−−update. −x Extract to disk
from the archive. If a file with the same name appears more
than once in the archive, each copy will be extracted, with
later copies overwriting (replacing) earlier copies. The
long option form is −−extract. In
−c, −r, or −u mode,
each specified file or directory is added to the archive in
the order specified on the command line. By default, the
contents of each directory are also archived. In extract or
list mode, the entire command line is read and parsed before
the archive is opened. The pathnames or patterns on the
command line indicate which items in the archive should be
processed. Patterns are shell-style globbing patterns as
documented in tcsh(1). OPTIONS Unless specifically stated
otherwise, options are applicable in all operating
modes. @@archive (c and r mode only) The
specified archive is opened and the entries in it will be
appended to the current archive. As a simple example, tar −c −f
- newfile @@original.tar writes a new archive to
standard output containing a file newfile and all of
the entries from original.tar. In contrast, tar −c −f
- newfile original.tar creates a new archive with only
two entries. Similarly, tar −czf -
−−format pax @@- reads an archive from standard
input (whose format will be determined automatically) and
converts it into a gzip-compressed pax-format archive on
stdout. In this way, tar can be used to convert
archives from one format to another. −a,
−−auto-compress (c mode only) Use the archive
suffix to decide a set of the format and the compressions.
As a simple example, tar −a −cf
archive.tgz source.c source.h creates a new archive with
restricted pax format and gzip compression, tar −a −cf
archive.tar.bz2.uu source.c source.h creates a new archive with
restricted pax format and bzip2 compression and uuencode
compression, tar −a −cf
archive.zip source.c source.h creates a new archive with zip
format, tar −a −jcf
archive.tgz source.c source.h ignores the
’’-j’’ option, and creates a new
archive with restricted pax format and gzip compression, tar −a −jcf
archive.xxx source.c source.h if it is unknown suffix or no
suffix, creates a new archive with restricted pax format and
bzip2 compression. −B,
−−read-full-blocks Ignored for compatibility with
other tar(1) implementations. −b
blocksize, −−block-size
blocksize Specify the block size, in
512-byte records, for tape drive I/O. As a rule, this
argument is only needed when reading from or writing to tape
drives, and usually not even then as the default block size
of 20 records (10240 bytes) is very common. −C
directory, −−cd directory,
−−directory directory In c and r mode, this changes
the directory before adding the following files. In x mode,
change directories after opening the archive but before
extracting entries from the archive. −−chroot (x mode only) chroot()
to the current directory after processing any
−C options and before extracting any files. −−clear-nochange-fflags (x mode only) Before removing
file system objects to replace them, clear platform-specific
file flags that might prevent removal. −−disable-copyfile Mac OS X specific. Disable the
use of copyfile(3). −−exclude
pattern Do not process files or
directories that match the specified pattern. Note that
exclusions take precedence over patterns or filenames
specified on the command line. −−format
format (c, r, u mode only) Use the
specified format for the created archive. Supported formats
include ’’cpio’’,
’’pax’’,
’’shar’’, and
’’ustar’’. Other formats may also be
supported; see libarchive-formats(5) for more information
about currently-supported formats. In r and u modes, when
extending an existing archive, the format specified here
must be compatible with the format of the existing archive
on disk. −f file,
−−file file Read the archive from or write
the archive to the specified file. The filename can be
- for standard input or standard output. The default
varies by system; on FreeBSD, the default is
/dev/sa0; on Linux, the default is
/dev/st0. −−gid
id Use the provided group id
number. On extract, this overrides the group id in the
archive; the group name in the archive will be ignored. On
create, this overrides the group id read from disk; if
−−gname is not also specified, the group
name will be set to match the group id. −−gname
name Use the provided group name. On
extract, this overrides the group name in the archive; if
the provided group name does not exist on the system, the
group id (from the archive or from the
−−gid option) will be used instead. On
create, this sets the group name that will be stored in the
archive; the name will not be verified against the system
group database. −H (c and r mode
only) Symbolic links named on the command line will be
followed; the target of the link will be archived, not the
link itself. −h (c and r mode
only) Synonym for −L. −I Synonym for
−T. −−help Show usage. −−hfsCompression (x mode only) Mac OS X
specific(v10.6 or later). Compress extracted regular files
with HFS+ compression. −−ignore-zeros An alias of
−−options read_concatenated_archives for
compatibility with GNU tar. −−include
pattern Process only files or
directories that match the specified pattern. Note that
exclusions specified with −−exclude take
precedence over inclusions. If no inclusions are explicitly
specified, all entries are processed by default. The
−−include option is especially useful
when filtering archives. For example, the command tar −c −f
new.tar −−include=’*foo*’
@@old.tgz creates a new archive
new.tar containing only the entries from
old.tgz containing the string ’foo’. −J,
−−xz (c mode only) Compress the
resulting archive with xz(1). In extract or list modes, this
option is ignored. Note that, unlike other tar
implementations, this implementation recognizes XZ
compression automatically when reading archives. −j,
−−bzip, −−bzip2,
−−bunzip2 (c mode only) Compress the
resulting archive with bzip2(1). In extract or list modes,
this option is ignored. Note that, unlike other tar
implementations, this implementation recognizes bzip2
compression automatically when reading archives. −k,
−−keep-old-files (x mode only) Do not overwrite
existing files. In particular, if a file appears more than
once in an archive, later copies will not overwrite earlier
copies. −−keep-newer-files (x mode only) Do not overwrite
existing files that are newer than the versions appearing in
the archive being extracted. −L,
−−dereference (c and r mode only) All
symbolic links will be followed. Normally, symbolic links
are archived as such. With this option, the target of the
link will be archived instead. −l,
−−check-links (c and r modes only) Issue a
warning message unless all links to each file are
archived. −−lrzip (c mode only) Compress the
resulting archive with lrzip(1). In extract or list modes,
this option is ignored. −−lz4 (c mode only)
Compress the archive with lz4-compatible compression before
writing it. In input mode, this option is ignored; lz4
compression is recognized automatically on input. −−lzma (c mode only)
Compress the resulting archive with the original LZMA
algorithm. Use of this option is discouraged and new
archives should be created with −−xz
instead. Note that, unlike other tar implementations,
this implementation recognizes LZMA compression
automatically when reading archives. −−lzop (c mode only)
Compress the resulting archive with lzop(1). In extract or
list modes, this option is ignored. −m,
−−modification-time (x mode only) Do not extract
modification time. By default, the modification time is set
to the time stored in the archive. −n,
−−norecurse,
−−no-recursion (c, r, u modes only) Do not
recursively archive the contents of directories. −−newer
date (c, r, u modes only) Only
include files and directories newer than the specified date.
This compares ctime entries. −−newer-mtime
date (c, r, u modes only) Like
−−newer, except it compares mtime entries
instead of ctime entries. −−newer-than
file (c, r, u modes only) Only
include files and directories newer than the specified file.
This compares ctime entries. −−newer-mtime-than
file (c, r, u modes only) Like
−−newer-than, except it compares mtime
entries instead of ctime entries. −−nodump (c and r modes only) Honor the
nodump file flag by skipping this file. −−nopreserveHFSCompression (x mode only) Mac OS X
specific(v10.6 or later). Do not compress extracted regular
files which were compressed with HFS+ compression before
archived. By default, compress the regular files again with
HFS+ compression. −−null (use with
−I or −T) Filenames or patterns
are separated by null characters, not by newlines. This is
often used to read filenames output by the
−print0 option to find(1). −−no-same-owner (x mode only) Do not extract
owner and group IDs. This is the reverse of
−−same-owner and the default behavior if
tar is run as non-root. −−no-same-permissions (x mode only) Do not extract
full permissions (SGID, SUID, sticky bit, ACLs, extended
attributes or extended file flags). This is the reverse of
−p and the default behavior if tar is
run as non-root. −−numeric-owner This is equivalent to
−−uname ""
−−gname "". On extract, it
causes user and group names in the archive to be ignored in
favor of the numeric user and group ids. On create, it
causes user and group names to not be stored in the
archive. −O,
−−to-stdout (x, t modes only) In extract
(-x) mode, files will be written to standard out rather than
being extracted to disk. In list (-t) mode, the file listing
will be written to stderr rather than the usual stdout. −o (x mode) Use
the user and group of the user running the program rather
than those specified in the archive. Note that this has no
significance unless −p is specified, and the
program is being run by the root user. In this case, the
file modes and flags from the archive will be restored, but
ACLs or owner information in the archive will be
discarded. −o (c, r, u mode)
A synonym for −−format ustar −−older
date (c, r, u modes only) Only
include files and directories older than the specified date.
This compares ctime entries. −−older-mtime
date (c, r, u modes only) Like
−−older, except it compares mtime entries
instead of ctime entries. −−older-than
file (c, r, u modes only) Only
include files and directories older than the specified file.
This compares ctime entries. −−older-mtime-than
file (c, r, u modes only) Like
−−older-than, except it compares mtime
entries instead of ctime entries. −−one-file-system (c, r, and u modes) Do not
cross mount points. −−options
options Select optional behaviors for
particular modules. The argument is a text string containing
comma-separated keywords and values. These are passed to the
modules that handle particular formats to control how those
formats will behave. Each option has one of the following
forms: key=value The key will be set to the
specified value in every module that supports it. Modules
that do not support this key will ignore it. key The key will be
enabled in every module that supports it. This is equivalent
to key=1. !key The key will be
disabled in every module that supports it. module:key=value, module:key,
module:!key As above, but the corresponding
key and value will be provided only to modules whose name
matches module. The currently supported modules
and keys are: iso9660:joliet Support Joliet extensions. This
is enabled by default, use !joliet or
iso9660:!joliet to disable. iso9660:rockridge Support Rock Ridge extensions.
This is enabled by default, use !rockridge or
iso9660:!rockridge to disable. gzip:compression-level A decimal integer from 1 to 9
specifying the gzip compression level. gzip:timestamp Store timestamp. This is
enabled by default, use !timestamp or
gzip:!timestamp to disable. lrzip:compression=type Use type as compression
method. Supported values are bzip2, gzip, lzo (ultra fast),
and zpaq (best, extremely slow). lrzip:compression-level A decimal integer from 1 to 9
specifying the lrzip compression level. lz4:compression-level A decimal integer from 1 to 9
specifying the lzop compression level. lz4:stream-checksum Enable stream checksum. This is
by default, use lz4:!stream-checksum to disable. lz4:block-checksum Enable block checksum (Disabled
by default). lz4:block-size A decimal integer from 4 to 7
specifying the lz4 compression block size (7 is set by
default). lz4:block-dependence Use the previous block of the
block being compressed for a compression dictionary to
improve compression ratio. lzop:compression-level A decimal integer from 1 to 9
specifying the lzop compression level. xz:compression-level A decimal integer from 0 to 9
specifying the xz compression level. mtree:keyword The mtree writer module allows
you to specify which mtree keywords will be included in the
output. Supported keywords include: cksum,
device, flags, gid, gname,
indent, link, md5, mode,
nlink, rmd160, sha1, sha256,
sha384, sha512, size, time,
uid, uname. The default is equivalent to:
’’device, flags, gid, gname, link, mode, nlink,
size, time, type, uid, uname’’. mtree:all Enables all of the above
keywords. You can also use mtree:!all to disable all
keywords. mtree:use-set Enable generation of
/set lines in the output. mtree:indent Produce human-readable output
by indenting options and splitting lines to fit into 80
columns. zip:compression=type Use type as compression
method. Supported values are store (uncompressed) and
deflate (gzip algorithm). zip:encryption Enable encryption using
traditional zip encryption. zip:encryption=type Use type as encryption
type. Supported values are zipcrypt (traditional zip
encryption), aes128 (WinZip AES-128 encryption) and aes256
(WinZip AES-256 encryption). read_concatenated_archives Ignore zeroed blocks in the
archive, which occurs when multiple tar archives have been
concatenated together. Without this option, only the
contents of the first concatenated archive would be read.
This option is comparable to the −i,
−−ignore-zeros option of GNU tar. If a provided option is not
supported by any module, that is a fatal error. −P,
−−absolute-paths Preserve pathnames. By default,
absolute pathnames (those that begin with a / character)
have the leading slash removed both when creating archives
and extracting from them. Also, tar will refuse to
extract archive entries whose pathnames contain .. or
whose target directory would be altered by a symlink. This
option suppresses these behaviors. −p,
−−insecure,
−−preserve-permissions (x mode only) Preserve file
permissions. Attempt to restore the full permissions,
including owner, file modes, file flags and ACLs, if
available, for each item extracted from the archive. This is
the default, if tar is being run by root and can be
overridden by also specifying
−−no-same-owner and
−−no-same-permissions. −−passphrase
passphrase The passphrase is used
to extract or create an encrypted archive. Currently, zip is
the only supported format that supports encryption. You
shouldn’t use this option unless you realize how
insecure use of this option is. −−posix (c, r, u mode only) Synonym for
−−format pax −q,
−−fast-read (x and t mode only) Extract or
list only the first archive entry that matches each pattern
or filename operand. Exit as soon as each specified pattern
or filename has been matched. By default, the archive is
always read to the very end, since there can be multiple
entries with the same name and, by convention, later entries
overwrite earlier entries. This option is provided as a
performance optimization. −S (x mode only)
Extract files as sparse files. For every block on disk,
check first if it contains only NULL bytes and seek over it
otherwise. This works similar to the conv=sparse option of
dd. −s
pattern Modify file or archive member
names according to pattern. The pattern has the
format /old/new/[ghHprRsS] where old is a
basic regular expression, new is the replacement
string of the matched part, and the optional trailing
letters modify how the replacement is handled. If old
is not matched, the pattern is skipped. Within new, ~
is substituted with the match, \1 to \9 with the content of
the corresponding captured group. The optional trailing g
specifies that matching should continue after the matched
part and stop on the first unmatched pattern. The optional
trailing s specifies that the pattern applies to the value
of symbolic links. The optional trailing p specifies that
after a successful substitution the original path name and
the new path name should be printed to standard error.
Optional trailing H, R, or S characters suppress
substitutions for hardlink targets, regular filenames, or
symlink targets, respectively. Optional trailing h, r, or s
characters enable substitutions for hardlink targets,
regular filenames, or symlink targets, respectively. The
default is hrs which applies substitutions to all
names. In particular, it is never necessary to specify h, r,
or s. −−same-owner (x mode only) Extract owner and
group IDs. This is the reverse of
−−no-same-owner and the default behavior
if tar is run as root. −−strip-components
count Remove the specified number of
leading path elements. Pathnames with fewer elements will be
silently skipped. Note that the pathname is edited after
checking inclusion/exclusion patterns but before security
checks. −T filename,
−−files-from filename In x or t mode, tar will
read the list of names to be extracted from filename.
In c mode, tar will read names to be archived from
filename. The special name
’’-C’’ on a line by itself will
cause the current directory to be changed to the directory
specified on the following line. Names are terminated by
newlines unless −−null is specified. Note
that −−null also disables the special
handling of lines containing ’’-C’’.
Note: If you are generating lists of files using find(1),
you probably want to use −n as well. −−totals (c, r, u mode only) After
archiving all files, print a summary to stderr. −U,
−−unlink,
−−unlink-first (x mode only) Unlink files
before creating them. This can be a minor performance
optimization if most files already exist, but can make
things slower if most files do not already exist. This flag
also causes tar to remove intervening directory
symlinks instead of reporting an error. See the SECURITY
section below for more details. −−uid
id Use the provided user id number
and ignore the user name from the archive. On create, if
−−uname is not also specified, the user
name will be set to match the user id. −−uname
name Use the provided user name. On
extract, this overrides the user name in the archive; if the
provided user name does not exist on the system, it will be
ignored and the user id (from the archive or from the
−−uid option) will be used instead. On
create, this sets the user name that will be stored in the
archive; the name is not verified against the system user
database. −−use-compress-program
program Pipe the input (in x or t mode)
or the output (in c mode) through program instead of
using the builtin compression support. −v,
−−verbose Produce verbose output. In
create and extract modes, tar will list each file
name as it is read from or written to the archive. In list
mode, tar will produce output similar to that of
ls(1). An additional −v option will also
provide ls-like details in create and extract mode. −−version Print version of tar and
libarchive, and exit. −w,
−−confirmation,
−−interactive Ask for confirmation for every
action. −X filename,
−−exclude-from filename Read a list of exclusion
patterns from the specified file. See
−−exclude for more information about the
handling of exclusions. −y (c mode only)
Compress the resulting archive with bzip2(1). In extract or
list modes, this option is ignored. Note that, unlike other
tar implementations, this implementation recognizes
bzip2 compression automatically when reading archives. −Z,
−−compress,
−−uncompress (c mode only) Compress the
resulting archive with compress(1). In extract or list
modes, this option is ignored. Note that, unlike other
tar implementations, this implementation recognizes
compress compression automatically when reading
archives. −z,
−−gunzip, −−gzip (c mode only) Compress the
resulting archive with gzip(1). In extract or list modes,
this option is ignored. Note that, unlike other tar
implementations, this implementation recognizes gzip
compression automatically when reading archives. ENVIRONMENT The following environment
variables affect the execution of tar: TAR_READER_OPTIONS The default options for format
readers and compression readers. The
−−options option overrides this. TAR_WRITER_OPTIONS The default options for format
writers and compression writers. The
−−options option overrides this. LANG The locale to
use. See environ(7) for more information. TAPE The default
device. The −f option overrides this. Please
see the description of the −f option above for
more details. TZ The timezone to
use when displaying dates. See environ(7) for more
information. EXIT STATUS The tar utility
exits 0 on success, and >0 if an error
occurs. EXAMPLES The following creates a new
archive called file.tar.gz that contains two files
source.c and source.h: tar −czf
file.tar.gz source.c source.h To view a
detailed table of contents for this archive: tar −tvf
file.tar.gz To extract all
entries from the archive on the default tape drive: tar −x To examine the
contents of an ISO 9660 cdrom image: tar −tf
image.iso To move file
hierarchies, invoke tar as tar −cf -
−C srcdir . | tar −xpf
- −C destdir or more traditionally cd srcdir ; tar
−cf - . | (cd destdir ; tar
−xpf -) In create mode,
the list of files and directories to be archived can also
include directory change instructions of the form
-Cfoo/baz and archive inclusions of the form
@@archive-file. For example, the command
line tar −c −f
new.tar foo1 @@old.tgz -C/tmp
foo2 will create a new archive
new.tar. tar will read the file foo1
from the current directory and add it to the output archive.
It will then read each entry from old.tgz and add
those entries to the output archive. Finally, it will switch
to the /tmp directory and add foo2 to the
output archive. An input file in
mtree(5) format can be used to create an output archive with
arbitrary ownership, permissions, or names that differ from
existing data on disk: $ cat
input.mtree The
−−newer and
−−newer-mtime switches accept a variety
of common date and time specifications, including
’’12 Mar 2005 7:14:29pm’’,
’’2005-03-12 19:14’’,
’’5 minutes ago’’, and
’’19:14 PST May 1’’. The
−−options argument can be used to control
various details of archive generation or reading. For
example, you can generate mtree output which only contains
type, time, and uid keywords: tar −cf
file.tar −−format=mtree
−−options=’!all,type,time,uid’
dir or you can set the compression
level used by gzip or xz compression: tar −czf
file.tar
−−options=’compression-level=9’. For more details, see the
explanation of the archive_read_set_options() and
archive_write_set_options() API calls that are
described in archive_read(3) and archive_write(3). COMPATIBILITY The bundled-arguments format is
supported for compatibility with historic implementations.
It consists of an initial word (with no leading - character)
in which each character indicates an option. Arguments
follow as separate words. The order of the arguments must
match the order of the corresponding characters in the
bundled command word. For example, tar tbf 32
file.tar specifies three flags t,
b, and f. The b and f flags both
require arguments, so there must be two additional items on
the command line. The 32 is the argument to the
b flag, and file.tar is the argument to the
f flag. The mode options
c, r, t, u, and x and the options b, f, l, m, o, v, and w
comply with SUSv2. For maximum
portability, scripts that invoke tar should use the
bundled-argument format above, should limit themselves to
the c, t, and x modes, and the
b, f, m, v, and w
options. Additional long
options are provided to improve compatibility with other tar
implementations. SECURITY Certain security issues are
common to many archiving programs, including tar. In
particular, carefully-crafted archives can request that
tar extract files to locations outside of the target
directory. This can potentially be used to cause unwitting
users to overwrite files they did not intend to overwrite.
If the archive is being extracted by the superuser, any file
on the system can potentially be overwritten. There are
three ways this can happen. Although tar has
mechanisms to protect against each one, savvy users should
be aware of the implications: • Archive entries can have
absolute pathnames. By default, tar removes the
leading / character from filenames before restoring
them to guard against this problem. • Archive entries can have
pathnames that include .. components. By default,
tar will not extract files containing ..
components in their pathname. • Archive entries can exploit
symbolic links to restore files to other directories. An
archive can restore a symbolic link to another directory,
then use that link to restore a file into that directory. To
guard against this, tar checks each extracted path
for symlinks. If the final path element is a symlink, it
will be removed and replaced with the archive entry. If
−U is specified, any intermediate symlink will
also be unconditionally removed. If neither −U
nor −P is specified, tar will refuse to
extract the entry. To protect yourself, you should
be wary of any archives that come from untrusted sources.
You should examine the contents of an archive with tar −tf
filename before extraction. You should
use the −k option to ensure that tar
will not overwrite any existing files or the −U
option to remove any pre-existing files. You should
generally not extract archives while running with super-user
privileges. Note that the −P option to
tar disables the security checks above and allows you
to extract an archive while preserving any absolute
pathnames, .. components, or symlinks to other
directories. SEE ALSO bzip2(1), compress(1), cpio(1),
gzip(1), mt(1), pax(1), shar(1), xz(1), libarchive(3),
libarchive-formats(5), tar(5) STANDARDS There is no current POSIX
standard for the tar command; it appeared in ISO/IEC
9945-1:1996 (’’POSIX.1’’) but was
dropped from IEEE Std 1003.1-2001
(’’POSIX.1’’). The options supported
by this implementation were developed by surveying a number
of existing tar implementations as well as the old POSIX
specification for tar and the current POSIX specification
for pax. The ustar and
pax interchange file formats are defined by IEEE Std
1003.1-2001 (’’POSIX.1’’) for the
pax command. HISTORY A tar command appeared in
Seventh Edition Unix, which was released in January, 1979.
There have been numerous other implementations, many of
which extended the file format. John Gilmore’s
pdtar public-domain implementation (circa November,
1987) was quite influential, and formed the basis of GNU
tar. GNU tar was included as the standard system tar in
FreeBSD beginning with FreeBSD 1.0. This is a
complete re-implementation based on the libarchive(3)
library. It was first released with FreeBSD 5.4 in May,
2005. BUGS This program follows ISO/IEC
9945-1:1996 (’’POSIX.1’’) for the
definition of the −l option. Note that GNU tar
prior to version 1.15 treated −l as a synonym
for the −−one-file-system option. The
−C dir option may differ from historic
implementations. All archive
output is written in correctly-sized blocks, even if the
output is being compressed. Whether or not the last output
block is padded to a full block size varies depending on the
format and the output device. For tar and cpio formats, the
last block of output is padded to a full block size if the
output is being written to standard output or to a character
or block device such as a tape drive. If the output is being
written to a regular file, the last block will not be
padded. Many compressors, including gzip(1) and bzip2(1),
complain about the null padding when decompressing an
archive created by tar, although they still extract
it correctly. The compression
and decompression is implemented internally, so there may be
insignificant differences between the compressed output
generated by tar −czf -
file and that generated by tar −cf -
file | gzip The default
should be to read and write archives to the standard I/O
paths, but tradition (and POSIX) dictates otherwise. The r and
u modes require that the archive be uncompressed and
located in a regular file on disk. Other archives can be
modified using c mode with the @@archive-file
extension. To archive a
file called @@foo or -foo you must specify it
as ./@@foo or ./-foo, respectively. In create mode,
a leading ./ is always removed. A leading / is
stripped unless the −P option is specified. There needs to
be better support for file selection on both create and
extract. There is not yet
any support for multi-volume archives. Converting
between dissimilar archive formats (such as tar and cpio)
using the @@- convention can cause hard link
information to be lost. (This is a consequence of the
incompatible ways that different archive formats store
hardlink information.) BSD
September 16, 2014 BSD (c and r modes only) The
d182 1
a182 1
‘‘-j’’ option, and creates a new
a191 11
−−acls (c, r, u, x
modes only) Archive or extract POSIX.1e or NFSv4 ACLs. This
is the reverse of −−no-acls and the
default behavior in c, r, and u modes (except Mac OS X) or
if tar is run in x mode as root. On Mac OS X this
option translates extended ACLs to NFSv4 ACLs. To store
extended ACLs the −−mac-metadata option
is preferred. −−fflags (c, r, u, x modes only) Archive
or extract file flags. This is the reverse of
−−no-fflags and the default behavior in
c, r, and u modes or if tar is run in x mode as
root. (c and r modes
d300 1
a300 1
(c and r modes
d315 3
a317 3
(x mode only) Mac OS X specific
(v10.6 or later). Compress extracted regular files with HFS+
compression. (c and r modes only) All
a429 10
−−mac-metadata (c, r, u and x mode only) Mac
OS X specific. Archive or extract extended ACLs and extended
attributes using copyfile(3) in AppleDouble format. This is
the reverse of −−no-mac-metadata. and the
default behavior in c, r, and u modes or if tar is
run in x mode as root. −−no-acls (c, r, u, x modes only) Do not
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a939 8
−−xattrs (c, r, u, x modes only) Archive
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c, r, and u modes or if tar is run in x mode as
root. tar {-c}
d42 2
a43 2
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but new entries are added only if they have a modification
date newer than the corresponding entry in the archive. Note
that this only works on uncompressed archives stored in
regular files. The -f option is required. The long
form is --update. -x
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file ⟩ | ⟨
pattern ⟩ ...]
tar {−r | −u}
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tar {−t | −x}
[options] [patterns]
/dev/sa0
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@
1.1.1.4
log
@Import libarchive-2.8.4:
- Improved reliability of hash function detection
- Fix issues on ancient FreeBSD, QNX, ancient NetBSD and Minix
@
text
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@@0 SF(
file ⟩ | ⟨
pattern ⟩ ...]
tar {−r | −u}
−f archive-file [options]
[files | directories]
tar {−t | −x}
[options] [patterns]
#mtree
usr/bin uid=0 gid=0 mode=0755 type=dir
usr/bin/ls uid=0 gid=0 mode=0755 type=file content=myls
$ tar -cvf output.tar @@input.mtree
@
1.1.1.6
log
@Import libarchive-3.3.1.
@
text
@d2 1
a2 1
d57 1
a57 1
synopsis form shows a ‘‘bundled’’
d126 1
a126 1
In -c, -r, or -u mode, each specified file or directory is added to the archive in the order specified on the command line. By default, the contents of each directory are also archived.
d130 2 a131 2tar -c -f - newfile @@original.tar
d137 2 a138 2tar -c -f - newfile original.tar
d143 2 a144 2tar -czf - --format pax @@-
d152 2 a153 2-a, --auto-compress
d159 1 a159 1tar -a -cf d165 1 a165 1
tar -a -cf d172 1 a172 1
tar -a -cf d178 1 a178 1
tar -a -jcf d182 1 a182 1 ’’-j’’ option, and creates a new d185 1 a185 1
tar -a -jcf d192 1 a192 1
--acls
d196 6 a201 5 is the reverse of --no-acls and the default behavior in c, r, and u modes (except on Mac OS X) or if tar is run in x mode as root. On Mac OS X this option translates extended ACLs to NFSv4 ACLs. To store extended ACLs the --mac-metadata option is preferred. d203 2 a204 2-B, --read-full-blocks
d209 3 a211 2-b blocksize, --block-size blocksize
d219 3 a221 3-C directory, --cd directory, --directory directory
d228 1 a228 1--chroot
d231 2 a232 2 to the current directory after processing any -C options and before extracting any files. d235 1 a235 1--clear-nochange-fflags
d241 1 a241 1--exclude d249 1 a249 1
--fflags
d253 3 a255 2 --no-fflags and the default behavior in c, r, and u modes or if tar is run in x mode as root. d257 1 a257 1--format d262 4 a265 4 include ’’cpio’’, ’’pax’’, ’’shar’’, and ’’ustar’’. Other formats may also be d272 2 a273 2
-f file, --file file
d282 2 a283 1--gid id
d289 2 a290 2 --gname is not also specified, the group name will be set to match the group id. d292 2 a293 1--gname name
d298 5 a302 4 group id (from the archive or from the --gid option) will be used instead. On create, this sets the group name that will be stored in the archive; the name will not be verified against the system group database. d304 1 a304 1-H
d311 1 a311 1-h
d314 1 a314 1 only) Synonym for -L. d316 1 a316 1-I
d319 1 a319 1 -T. d321 1 a321 1--help
d325 2 a326 1--hfsCompression
a331 1--ignore-zeros
d333 5 a337 3An alias of --options read_concatenated_archives for compatibility with GNU tar.
d339 1 a339 1--include d344 9 a352 8 exclusions specified with --exclude take precedence over inclusions. If no inclusions are explicitly specified, all entries are processed by default. The --include option is especially useful when filtering archives. For example, the command
tar -c -f new.tar --include=’*foo*’ @@old.tgz
d356 1 a356 1 old.tgz containing the string ’foo’. d358 2 a359 1-J, --xz
d367 3 a369 2-j, --bzip, --bzip2, --bunzip2
d377 2 a378 2-k, --keep-old-files
d385 2 a386 1--keep-newer-files
d392 2 a393 2-L, --dereference
d400 2 a401 2-l, --check-links
d407 1 a407 1--lrzip
d413 1 a413 1--lz4
d420 1 a420 1--lzma
d425 4 a428 4 archives should be created with --xz instead. Note that, unlike other tar implementations, this implementation recognizes LZMA compression automatically when reading archives. d430 1 a430 1--lzop
d436 2 a437 2-m, --modification-time
d443 2 a444 1--mac-metadata
d449 7 a455 6 the reverse of --no-mac-metadata. and the default behavior in c, r, and u modes or if tar is run in x mode as root.-n, --norecurse, --no-recursion
d460 2 a461 1--newer date
d467 2 a468 1--newer-mtime d472 2 a473 2 --newer, except it compares mtime entries instead of ctime entries.
d475 1 a475 1--newer-than d482 2 a483 1
--newer-mtime-than d487 2 a488 2 --newer-than, except it compares mtime entries instead of ctime entries.
d490 1 a490 1--nodump
d496 1 a496 1--nopreserveHFSCompression
d498 5 a502 5(x mode only) Mac OS X specific (v10.6 or later). Do not compress extracted regular files which were compressed with HFS+ compression before archived. By default, compress the regular files again with HFS+ compression.
d504 1 a504 1--null
d507 5 a511 4 -I or -T) Filenames or patterns are separated by null characters, not by newlines. This is often used to read filenames output by the -print0 option to find(1). d513 1 a513 1--no-acls
d517 3 a519 3 reverse of --acls and the default behavior if tar is run as non-root in x mode (on Mac OS X as any user in c, r, u and x modes). d521 2 a522 1--no-fflags
d526 3 a528 2 --fflags and the default behavior if tar is run as non-root in x mode. d530 1 a530 1--no-mac-metadata
d535 3 a537 2 the reverse of --mac-metadata. and the default behavior if tar is run as non-root in x mode. d539 3 a541 2-n, --norecurse, --no-recursion
d543 2 a544 1--no-same-owner
d548 2 a549 2 --same-owner and the default behavior if tar is run as non-root. d552 1 a552 1--no-same-permissions
d557 7 a563 2 -p and the default behavior if tar is run as non-root. d565 1 a565 1--no-xattrs
d569 2 a570 2 of --xattrs and the default behavior if tar is run as non-root in x mode. d572 2 a573 1--numeric-owner
d576 6 a581 5 --uname "" --gname "". On extract, it causes user and group names in the archive to be ignored in favor of the numeric user and group ids. On create, it causes user and group names to not be stored in the archive. d583 2 a584 2-O, --to-stdout
d591 1 a591 1-o
d596 5 a600 4 significance unless -p is specified, and the program is being run by the root user. In this case, the file modes and flags from the archive will be restored, but ACLs or owner information in the archive will be discarded. d602 1 a602 1-o
d605 1 a605 1 A synonym for --format ustar d607 2 a608 1--older date
d614 2 a615 1--older-mtime d619 2 a620 2 --older, except it compares mtime entries instead of ctime entries.
d622 1 a622 1--older-than d629 2 a630 1
--older-mtime-than d634 3 a636 2 --older-than, except it compares mtime entries instead of ctime entries.
d638 1 a638 1--one-file-system
d643 1 a643 1--options d761 1 a761 1 ’’device, flags, gid, gname, link, mode, nlink, d805 2 a806 2 This option is comparable to the -i, --ignore-zeros option of GNU tar.
d811 2 a812 2-P, --absolute-paths
d822 3 a824 2-p, --insecure, --preserve-permissions
d828 1 a828 1 including owner, file modes, ACLs, extended attributes and d830 8 a837 5 from the archive. This is te reverse of --no-same-permissions and the default if tar is being run by root and can be partially overridden by also specifying --no-acls, --no-fflags, --no-mac-metadata or --no-xattrs. d839 1 a839 1--passphrase d848 1 a848 1
--posix
d851 1 a851 1 --format pax d853 2 a854 2-q, --fast-read
d865 1 a865 1-S
d873 2 a874 1-s pattern
d900 2 a901 1--same-owner
d904 4 a907 2 group IDs. This is the reverse of --no-same-owner and the default behavior if tar is run as root. d909 1 a909 1--strip-components d918 2 a919 2
-T filename, --files-from filename
d925 1 a925 1 ’’-C’’ on a line by itself will d928 5 a932 5 newlines unless --null is specified. Note that --null also disables the special handling of lines containing ’’-C’’. Note: If you are generating lists of files using find(1), you probably want to use -n as well. d934 1 a934 1--totals
d939 3 a941 2-U, --unlink, --unlink-first
d951 2 a952 1--uid id
d956 2 a957 2 --uname is not also specified, the user name will be set to match the user id. d959 2 a960 1--uname name
d966 4 a969 3 --uid option) will be used instead. On create, this sets the user name that will be stored in the archive; the name is not verified against the system user database. d971 2 a972 1--use-compress-program d979 2 a980 1
-v, --verbose
d986 3 a988 2 ls(1). An additional -v option will also provide ls-like details in create and extract mode. d990 1 a990 1--version
d995 3 a997 2-w, --confirmation, --interactive
d1002 2 a1003 2-X filename, --exclude-from filename
d1006 3 a1008 2 patterns from the specified file. See --exclude for more information about the handling of exclusions. d1010 1 a1010 1--xattrs
d1014 3 a1016 2 --no-xattrs and the default behavior in c, r, and u modes or if tar is run in x mode as root. d1018 1 a1018 1-y
d1026 3 a1028 2-Z, --compress, --uncompress
d1037 2 a1038 2-z, --gunzip, --gzip
d1054 2 a1055 2 readers and compression readers. The --options option overrides this. d1060 2 a1061 2 writers and compression writers. The --options option overrides this. d1071 3 a1073 3 device. The -f option overrides this. Please see the description of the -f option above for more details. d1093 2 a1094 2tar -czf file.tar.gz source.c source.h
d1099 1 a1099 1tar -tvf d1105 1 a1105 1
tar -x
d1110 1 a1110 1tar -tf d1116 3 a1118 3
tar -cf - -C srcdir . | tar -xpf - -C destdir
d1122 3 a1124 3cd srcdir ; tar -cf - . | (cd destdir ; tar -xpf -)
d1133 2 a1134 2tar -c -f new.tar foo1 @@old.tgz -C/tmp d1158 7 a1164 6 --newer and --newer-mtime switches accept a variety of common date and time specifications, including ’’12 Mar 2005 7:14:29pm’’, ’’2005-03-12 19:14’’, ’’5 minutes ago’’, and ’’19:14 PST May 1’’.
d1167 8 a1174 8 --options argument can be used to control various details of archive generation or reading. For example, you can generate mtree output which only contains type, time, and uid keywords:tar -cf file.tar --format=mtree --options=’!all,type,time,uid’ d1180 3 a1182 2
tar -czf file.tar --options=’compression-level=9’.
d1261 4 a1264 4 -U is specified, any intermediate symlink will also be unconditionally removed. If neither -U nor -P is specified, tar will refuse to extract the entry. d1270 1 a1270 1tar -tf d1274 9 a1282 8 use the -k option to ensure that tar will not overwrite any existing files or the -U option to remove any pre-existing files. You should generally not extract archives while running with super-user privileges. Note that the -P option to tar disables the security checks above and allows you to extract an archive while preserving any absolute pathnames, .. components, or symlinks to other directories.
d1294 1 a1294 1 9945-1:1996 (’’POSIX.1’’) but was d1296 1 a1296 1 (’’POSIX.1’’). The options supported d1304 1 a1304 1 1003.1-2001 (’’POSIX.1’’) for the d1326 4 a1329 4 9945-1:1996 (’’POSIX.1’’) for the definition of the -l option. Note that GNU tar prior to version 1.15 treated -l as a synonym for the --one-file-system option. d1331 2 a1332 2The -C dir option may differ from historic d1354 1 a1354 1
tar -czf - d1359 2 a1360 2
tar -cf - file | gzip
d1378 1 a1378 1 stripped unless the -P option is specified. d1395 1 a1395 1 February 25, 2017 BSD @ 1.1.1.8 log @Import libarchive-3.3.3 as should have done originally. @ text @d2 1 a2 1 d351 3 a353 3 option is ignored. Note that this tar implementation recognizes XZ compression automatically when reading archives. d360 3 a362 3 this option is ignored. Note that this tar implementation recognizes bzip2 compression automatically when reading archives. d397 1 a397 3 this option is ignored. Note that this tar implementation recognizes lrzip compression automatically when reading archives. d403 2 a404 11 writing it. In extract or list modes, this option is ignored. Note that this tar implementation recognizes lz4 compression automatically when reading archives.--zstd
(c mode only) Compress the archive with zstd-compatible compression before writing it. In extract or list modes, this option is ignored. Note that this tar implementation recognizes zstd compression automatically when reading archives.
d410 3 a412 3 algorithm. In extract or list modes, this option is ignored. Use of this option is discouraged and new archives should be created with --xz instead. Note that this tar d420 1 a420 3 list modes, this option is ignored. Note that this tar implementation recognizes LZO compression automatically when reading archives. a703 5zstd:compression-level
A decimal integer from 1 to 22 specifying the zstd compression level.
d967 3 a969 3 list modes, this option is ignored. Note that this tar implementation recognizes bzip2 compression automatically when reading archives. d976 4 a979 3 modes, this option is ignored. Note that this tar implementation recognizes compress compression automatically when reading archives. d986 3 a988 3 this option is ignored. Note that this tar implementation recognizes gzip compression automatically when reading archives. d1336 1 a1336 1 October 1, 2017 BSD @ 1.1.1.9 log @Import libarchive 3.4.0 @ text @d1 2 a2 2 d57 4 a60 3 synopsis form shows a “bundled” option word. This usage is provided for compatibility with historical implementations. See COMPATIBILITY below for details. d179 3 a181 3ignores the “-j” option, and creates a new archive with restricted pax format and gzip compression,
d235 1 a235 2 file attributes or file flags that might prevent removal. a244 8--exclude-vcs
Do not process files or directories internally used by the version control systems ’CVS’, ’RCS’, ’SCCS’, ’SVN’, ’Arch’, ’Bazaar’, ’Mercurial’ and ’Darcs’.
d248 3 a250 4 or extract platform-specific file attributes or file flags. This is the reverse of --no-fflags and the default behavior in c, r, and u modes or if tar is run in x mode as root. d257 9 a265 7 include “cpio”, “pax”, “shar”, and “ustar”. Other formats may also be supported; see libarchive-formats(5) for more information about currently-supported formats. In r and u modes, when extending an existing archive, the format specified here must be compatible with the format of the existing archive on disk. d446 4 a449 4 file attributes using copyfile(3) in AppleDouble format. This is the reverse of --no-mac-metadata. and the default behavior in c, r, and u modes or if tar is run in x mode as root. d454 2 a455 2Do not operate recursively on the content of directories.
d517 3 a519 3 archive or extract file attributes or file flags. This is the reverse of --fflags and the default behavior if tar is run as non-root in x mode. d524 1 a524 1 specific. Do not archive or extract ACLs and extended file d529 3 d543 4 a546 4 full permissions (SGID, SUID, sticky bit, file attributes or file flags, extended file attributes and ACLs). This is the reverse of -p and the default behavior if tar is run as non-root. d551 3 a553 3 archive or extract extended file attributes. This is the reverse of --xattrs and the default behavior if tar is run as non-root in x mode. d742 2 a743 2 “device, flags, gid, gname, link, mode, nlink, size, time, type, uid, uname”. d808 3 a810 3 including file modes, file attributes or file flags, extended file attributes and ACLs, if available, for each item extracted from the archive. This is the reverse of d812 1 a812 1 is being run as root. It can be partially overridden by also d897 7 a903 6 filename. The special name “-C” on a line by itself will cause the current directory to be changed to the directory specified on the following line. Names are terminated by newlines unless --null is specified. Note that --null also disables the special handling of lines containing “-C”. Note: If you are d977 1 a977 1 or extract extended file attributes. This is the reverse of d1121 4 a1124 3 “12 Mar 2005 7:14:29pm”, “2005-03-12 19:14”, “5 minutes ago”, and “19:14 PST May 1”. d1252 7 a1258 6 9945-1:1996 (“POSIX.1”) but was dropped from IEEE Std 1003.1-2001 (“POSIX.1”). The options supported by this implementation were developed by surveying a number of existing tar implementations as well as the old POSIX specification for tar and the current POSIX specification for pax. d1262 2 a1263 1 1003.1-2001 (“POSIX.1”) for the pax command. d1284 3 a1286 3 9945-1:1996 (“POSIX.1”) for the definition of the -l option. Note that GNU tar prior to version 1.15 treated -l as a synonym for the d1352 2 a1353 2BSD June 3, 2019 BSD
@ 1.1.1.10 log @Import libarchive 3.7.2 @ text @d2 1 a2 1 d249 3 a251 4 ’Arch’, ’Bazaar’, ’CVS’, ’Darcs’, ’Mercurial’, ’RCS’, ’SCCS’, ’SVN’ and ’git’. a535 12--no-read-sparse
(c, r, u modes only) Do not read sparse file information from disk. This is the reverse of --read-sparse.
--no-safe-writes
(x mode only) Do not create temporary files and use rename(2) to replace the original ones. This is the reverse of --safe-writes.
d657 2 a658 7The complete list of supported modules and keys for create and append modes is in archive_write_set_options(3) and for extract and list modes in archive_read_set_options(3).
Examples of supported options:
d723 2 a724 27A decimal integer specifying the zstd compression level. Supported values depend on the library version, common values are from 1 to 22.
zstd:threads
Specify the number of worker threads to use. Setting threads to a special value 0 makes zstd(1) use as many threads as there are CPU cores on the system.
zstd:frame-per-file
Start a new compression frame at the beginning of each file in the archive.
zstd:min-frame-size=N
In combination with zstd:frame-per-file, do not start a new compression frame unless the current frame is at least N bytes.
zstd:max-frame-size=N
Start a new compression frame as soon as the current frame exceeds N bytes.
a735 7xz:threads
Specify the number of worker threads to use. Setting threads to a special value 0 makes xz(1) use as many threads as there are CPU cores on the system.
a845 6--read-sparse
(c, r, u modes only) Read sparse file information from disk. This is the reverse of --no-read-sparse and the default behavior.
a879 16--safe-writes
(x mode only) Extract files atomically. By default tar unlinks the original file with the same name as the extracted file (if it exists), and then creates it immediately under the same name and writes to it. For a short period of time, applications trying to access the file might not find it, or see incomplete results. If --safe-writes is enabled, tar first creates a unique temporary file, then writes the new contents to the temporary file, and finally renames the temporary file to its final name atomically using rename(2). This guarantees that an application accessing the file, will either see the old contents or the new contents at all times.
d1017 1 a1017 1The default options for format d1023 1 a1023 1
The default options for format d1029 1 a1029 1
The locale to d1034 1 a1034 1
The default d1041 1 a1041 1
The timezone to d1081 1 a1081 1 -C srcdir . | tar -xpf - d1086 3 a1088 2
cd srcdir ; tar -cf - . | (cd destdir ; tar -xpf -)
d1352 2 a1353 2BSD December 1, 2022 BSD
@ 1.1.1.11 log @libarchive: import version 3.7.3 @ text @d2 1 a2 1 a303 8--group name[:gid]
Use the provided group, if gid is not provided, name can be either a group name or numeric id. See the --gname option for details.
d457 1 a457 3 run in x mode as root. Currently supported only for pax formats (including "pax restricted", the default tar format for bsdtar.) d757 1 a757 11zstd:min-frame-in=N
In combination with zstd:frame-per-file, do not start a new compression frame unless the uncompressed size of the current frame is at least N bytes. The number may be followed by k / kB, M / MB, or G / GB to indicate kilobytes, megabytes or gigabytes respectively.
zstd:min-frame-out=N, zstd:min-frame-size=N
d761 2 a762 4 frame unless the compressed size of the current frame is at least N bytes. The number may be followed by k / kB, M / MB, or G / GB to indicate kilobytes, megabytes or gigabytes respectively. d764 1 a764 2zstd:max-frame-in=N, zstd:max-frame-size=N
d767 1 a767 14 as soon as possible after the uncompressed size of the current frame exceeds N bytes. The number may be followed by k / kB, M / MB, or G / GB to indicate kilobytes, megabytes or gigabytes respectively. Values less than 1,024 will be rejected.zstd:max-frame-out=N
Start a new compression frame as soon as possible after the compressed size of the current frame exceeds N bytes. The number may be followed by k / kB, M / MB, or G / GB to indicate kilobytes, megabytes or gigabytes respectively. Values less than 1,024 will be rejected.
d914 1 a914 1 format /old/new/[bghHprRsS] where old is a d926 9 a934 12 the new path name should be printed to standard error. The optional trailing b specifies that the substitution should be matched from the beginning of the string rather than from right after the position at which the previous matching substitution ended. Optional trailing H, R, or S characters suppress substitutions for hardlink targets, regular filenames, or symlink targets, respectively. Optional trailing h, r, or s characters enable substitutions for hardlink targets, regular filenames, or symlink targets, respectively. The default is hrs which applies substitutions to all names. In particular, it is never necessary to specify h, r, or s. a1021 8--owner name[:uid]
Use the provided user, if uid is not provided, name can be either an username or numeric id. See the --uname option for details.
d1424 1 a1424 1 March 1, 2024 BSD @ 1.1.1.12 log @Libarchive 3.7.4 is a bugfix and security release Security fixes: rar: Fix OOB in rar e8 filter (CVE-2024-26256) zip: Fix out of boundary access Important bugfixes: 7zip: Limit amount of properties bsdtar: Fix error handling around strtol() usages passphrase: Improve newline handling on Windows passphrase: Never allow empty passwords rar: Fix "File CRC Error" when extracting specific rar4 archives xar: Avoid infinite link loop zip: Update AppleDouble support for directories zstd: Implement core detection @ text @d2 1 a2 1 d749 1 a749 1zstd:compression-level=N
d755 1 a755 1zstd:threads=N
d758 3 a760 2 threads to use, or 0 to use as many threads as there are CPU cores in the system. d1471 1 a1471 1 April 23, 2024 BSD @ 1.1.1.13 log @libarchive: imported version 3.7.5 Libarchive 3.7.5 Security fixes: fix multiple vulnerabilities identified by SAST cpio: ignore out-of-range gid/uid/size/ino and harden AFIO parsing lzop: prevent integer overflow rar4: protect copy_from_lzss_window_to_unp() rar4: fix CVE-2024-26256 rar4: fix OOB in delta and audio filter rar4: fix out of boundary access with large files rar4: add boundary checks to rgb filter rar4: fix OOB access with unicode filenames rar5: clear 'data ready' cache on window buffer reallocs rpm: calculate huge header sizes correctly unzip: unify EOF handling util: fix out of boundary access in mktemp functions uu: stop processing if lines are too long Important bugfixes: 7zip: fix issue when skipping first file in 7zip archive that is a multiple of 65536 bytes ar: fix archive entries having no type lha: do not allow negative file sizes lha: fix integer truncation on 32-bit systems shar: check strdup return value rar5: don't try to read rediculously long names xar: fix another infinite loop and expat error handling many Windows fixes, cleanups and improvements @ text @d2 1 a2 1 @ 1.1.1.14 log @libarchove: import version 3.7.7 @ text @d1 2 a2 2 d23 1 a23 1TAR(1) General Commands Manual TAR(1)
d27 2 a28 2tar — manipulate tape archives
d32 1 a32 1tar d39 1 a39 1
tar {-c} d50 1 a50 1
tar creates and d56 1 a56 1
The first d61 1 a61 1
The other d67 1 a67 1
Create a new d73 1 a73 1
Like -c, d81 1 a81 1
List archive d87 1 a87 1
Like -r, d96 1 a96 1
Extract to disk d102 1 a102 1
In -c, d108 1 a108 1
In extract or d113 1 a113 1 documented in tcsh(1).
d117 1 a117 1Unless specifically stated d123 1 a123 1
(c and r modes only) The d127 1 a127 1
tar -c -f - d130 1 a130 1
writes a new archive to d134 1 a134 1
tar -c -f - newfile d137 1 a137 1
creates a new archive with only d140 1 a140 1
tar -czf - d143 1 a143 1
reads an archive from standard d152 1 a152 1
(c mode only) Use the archive d156 1 a156 1
tar -a -cf d159 1 a159 1
creates a new archive with d162 1 a162 1
tar -a -cf d165 1 a165 1
creates a new archive with d169 1 a169 1
tar -a -cf d172 1 a172 1
creates a new archive with zip d175 1 a175 1
tar -a -jcf d178 1 a178 1
ignores the “-j” d182 1 a182 1
tar -a -jcf d185 1 a185 1
if it is unknown suffix or no d191 1 a191 1
(c, r, u, x d202 2 a203 2
Ignored for compatibility with other tar(1) implementations.
d208 1 a208 1Specify the block size, in d218 1 a218 1
In c and r mode, this changes d225 1 a225 1
(x mode only) chroot() d232 1 a232 1
(x mode only) Before removing d240 1 a240 1
Do not process files or d247 1 a247 1
Do not process files or d249 4 a252 4 ‘Arch’, ‘Bazaar’, ‘CVS’, ‘Darcs’, ‘Mercurial’, ‘RCS’, ‘SCCS’, ‘SVN’ and ‘git’.
d256 1 a256 1(c, r, u, x modes only) Archive d265 1 a265 1
(c, r, u mode only) Use the d269 3 a271 3 may also be supported; see libarchive-formats(5) for more information about currently-supported formats. In r and u modes, when extending an existing archive, the format d278 1 a278 1
Read the archive from or write d287 1 a287 1
Use the provided group id d296 1 a296 1
Use the provided group name. On d307 1 a307 1
Use the provided group, if d314 1 a314 1
(c and r modes d321 1 a321 1
(c and r modes d326 1 a326 1
Synonym for d331 1 a331 1
Show usage.
d335 1 a335 1(x mode only) Mac OS X specific d341 1 a341 1
An alias of --options d348 1 a348 1
Process only files or d356 1 a356 1
tar -c -f new.tar d359 1 a359 1
creates a new archive d361 1 a361 1 old.tgz containing the string ‘foo’.
d365 5 a369 5(c mode only) Compress the resulting archive with xz(1). In extract or list modes, this option is ignored. Note that this tar implementation recognizes XZ compression automatically when reading archives.
d374 3 a376 3(c mode only) Compress the resulting archive with bzip2(1). In extract or list modes, this option is ignored. Note that this tar d383 1 a383 1
(x mode only) Do not overwrite d390 1 a390 1
(x mode only) Do not overwrite d397 1 a397 1
(c and r modes only) All d405 1 a405 1
(c and r modes only) Issue a d411 3 a413 3
(c mode only) Compress the resulting archive with lrzip(1). In extract or list modes, this option is ignored. Note that this tar d419 1 a419 1
(c mode only) d427 1 a427 1
(c mode only) d435 1 a435 1
(c mode only) d445 4 a448 4
(c mode only) Compress the resulting archive with lzop(1). In extract or list modes, this option is ignored. Note that this tar implementation recognizes LZO compression d454 1 a454 1
(x mode only) Do not extract d460 1 a460 1
(c, r, u and x mode only) Mac d462 4 a465 4 file attributes using copyfile(3) in AppleDouble format. This is the reverse of --no-mac-metadata. and the default behavior in c, r, and u modes or if tar is run in x mode as root. Currently supported only for pax d472 1 a472 1
Do not operate recursively on d477 1 a477 1
(c, r, u modes only) Only d484 1 a484 1
(c, r, u modes only) Like d491 1 a491 1
(c, r, u modes only) Only d498 1 a498 1
(c, r, u modes only) Like d504 1 a504 1
(c and r modes only) Honor the d510 1 a510 1
(x mode only) Mac OS X specific d518 1 a518 1
(use with d522 1 a522 1 find(1).
d526 1 a526 1(c, r, u, x modes only) Do not d534 1 a534 1
(c, r, u, x modes only) Do not d541 1 a541 1
(x mode only) Mac OS X d543 3 a545 4 attributes using copyfile(3) in AppleDouble format. This is the reverse of --mac-metadata. and the default behavior if tar is run as non-root in x mode.
d549 1 a549 1(c, r, u modes only) Do not d555 3 a557 4
(x mode only) Do not create temporary files and use rename(2) to replace the original ones. This is the reverse of --safe-writes.
d561 1 a561 1(x mode only) Do not extract d569 1 a569 1
(x mode only) Do not extract d577 1 a577 1
(c, r, u, x modes only) Do not d584 1 a584 1
This is equivalent to d594 1 a594 1
(x, t modes only) In extract d601 1 a601 1
(x mode) Use d611 1 a611 1
(c, r, u mode) d616 1 a616 1
(c, r, u modes only) Only d623 1 a623 1
(c, r, u modes only) Like d630 1 a630 1
(c, r, u modes only) Only d637 1 a637 1
(c, r, u modes only) Like d643 1 a643 1
(c, r, and u modes) Do not d649 1 a649 1
Select optional behaviors for d658 1 a658 1
The key will be set to the d664 1 a664 1
The key will be d670 1 a670 1
The key will be d676 1 a676 1
As above, but the corresponding d680 1 a680 1
The complete d682 2 a683 3 modes is in archive_write_set_options(3) and for extract and list modes in archive_read_set_options(3).
d685 1 a685 1Examples of d690 1 a690 1
Support Joliet extensions. This d696 1 a696 1
Support Rock Ridge extensions. d702 1 a702 1
A decimal integer from 1 to 9 d707 1 a707 1
Store timestamp. This is d713 1 a713 1
Use type as compression d719 1 a719 1
A decimal integer from 1 to 9 d724 1 a724 1
A decimal integer from 1 to 9 d729 1 a729 1
Enable stream checksum. This is d734 1 a734 1
Enable block checksum (Disabled d739 1 a739 1
A decimal integer from 4 to 7 d745 1 a745 1
Use the previous block of the d751 1 a751 1
A decimal integer specifying d757 1 a757 1
Specify the number of worker d763 1 a763 1
Start a new compression frame d768 1 a768 1
In combination with d771 3 a773 3 at least N bytes. The number may be followed by k / kB, M / MB, or G / GB to indicate kilobytes, megabytes or gigabytes respectively.
d778 1 a778 1In combination with d781 3 a783 3 least N bytes. The number may be followed by k / kB, M / MB, or G / GB to indicate kilobytes, megabytes or gigabytes respectively.
d788 1 a788 1Start a new compression frame d791 3 a793 3 followed by k / kB, M / MB, or G / GB to indicate kilobytes, megabytes or gigabytes respectively. Values less than 1,024 will be rejected.
d797 1 a797 1Start a new compression frame d800 3 a802 3 k / kB, M / MB, or G / GB to indicate kilobytes, megabytes or gigabytes respectively. Values less than 1,024 will be rejected.
d806 1 a806 1A decimal integer from 1 to 9 d811 1 a811 1
A decimal integer from 0 to 9 d816 1 a816 1
Specify the number of worker d818 2 a819 2 xz(1) use as many threads as there are CPU cores on the system.
d823 1 a823 1The mtree writer module allows d836 1 a836 1
Enables all of the above d842 1 a842 1
Enable generation of d847 1 a847 1
Produce human-readable output d853 1 a853 1
Use type as compression d859 1 a859 1
Enable encryption using d864 1 a864 1
Use type as encryption d871 1 a871 1
Ignore zeroed blocks in the d878 1 a878 1
If a provided option is not d884 1 a884 1
Preserve pathnames. By default, d895 1 a895 1
(x mode only) Preserve file d908 1 a908 1
The passphrase is used d916 1 a916 1
(c, r, u mode only) Synonym for d922 1 a922 1
(x and t mode only) Extract or d933 1 a933 1
(c, r, u modes only) Read d939 1 a939 1
(x mode only) d947 1 a947 1
Modify file or archive member d953 20 a972 20 is not matched, the pattern is skipped. Within new, ˜ is substituted with the match, \1 to \9 with the content of the corresponding captured group. The optional trailing g specifies that matching should continue after the matched part and stop on the first unmatched pattern. The optional trailing s specifies that the pattern applies to the value of symbolic links. The optional trailing p specifies that after a successful substitution the original path name and the new path name should be printed to standard error. The optional trailing b specifies that the substitution should be matched from the beginning of the string rather than from right after the position at which the previous matching substitution ended. Optional trailing H, R, or S characters suppress substitutions for hardlink targets, regular filenames, or symlink targets, respectively. Optional trailing h, r, or s characters enable substitutions for hardlink targets, regular filenames, or symlink targets, respectively. The default is hrs which applies substitutions to all names. In particular, it is never necessary to specify h, r, or s.
d976 1 a976 1(x mode only) Extract files d985 4 a988 4 temporary file to its final name atomically using rename(2). This guarantees that an application accessing the file, will either see the old contents or the new contents at all times.
d992 1 a992 1(x mode only) Extract owner and d999 1 a999 1
Remove the specified number of d1008 1 a1008 1
In x or t mode, tar will d1017 2 a1018 2 generating lists of files using find(1), you probably want to use -n as well.
d1022 1 a1022 1(c, r, u modes only) After d1028 1 a1028 1
(x mode only) Unlink files d1038 1 a1038 1
Use the provided user id number d1045 1 a1045 1
Use the provided user name. On d1056 1 a1056 1
Pipe the input (in x or t mode) d1063 1 a1063 1
Use the provided user, if d1070 1 a1070 1
Produce verbose output. In d1074 2 a1075 2 ls(1). An additional -v option will also provide ls-like details in create and extract mode.
d1079 1 a1079 1Print version of tar and d1085 1 a1085 1
Ask for confirmation for every d1091 1 a1091 1
Read a list of exclusion d1097 1 a1097 1
(c, r, u, x modes only) Archive d1104 4 a1107 4
(c mode only) Compress the resulting archive with bzip2(1). In extract or list modes, this option is ignored. Note that this tar implementation recognizes bzip2 compression d1113 5 a1117 5
(c mode only) Compress the resulting archive with compress(1). In extract or list modes, this option is ignored. Note that this tar implementation recognizes compress compression automatically when reading archives.
d1122 3 a1124 3(c mode only) Compress the resulting archive with gzip(1). In extract or list modes, this option is ignored. Note that this tar d1130 1 a1130 1
The following environment d1135 1 a1135 1
The default options for format d1141 1 a1141 1
The default options for format d1147 2 a1148 2
The locale to use. See environ(7) for more information.
d1152 1 a1152 1The default d1159 2 a1160 2
The timezone to use when displaying dates. See environ(7) for more d1165 1 a1165 1
The tar utility d1171 1 a1171 1
The following creates a new d1175 1 a1175 1
tar -czf file.tar.gz d1178 1 a1178 1
To view a d1181 1 a1181 1
tar -tvf d1184 1 a1184 1
To extract all d1187 1 a1187 1
tar -x
d1189 1 a1189 1To examine the d1192 1 a1192 1
tar -tf d1195 1 a1195 1
To move file d1198 1 a1198 1
tar -cf - d1202 1 a1202 1
or more traditionally
d1204 1 a1204 1cd srcdir ; tar -cf - d1207 1 a1207 1
In create mode, d1214 1 a1214 1
tar -c -f new.tar d1218 1 a1218 1
will create a new archive d1226 4 a1229 4
An input file in mtree(5) format can be used to create an output archive with arbitrary ownership, permissions, or names that differ from existing data on disk:
d1231 1 a1231 1$ cat d1238 1 a1238 1
The d1245 1 a1245 1
The d1251 1 a1251 1
tar -cf file.tar d1256 1 a1256 1
or you can set the compression d1259 1 a1259 1
tar -czf file.tar d1262 1 a1262 1
For more details, see the d1265 1 a1265 2 described in archive_read(3) and archive_write(3).
d1269 1 a1269 1The bundled-arguments format is d1277 1 a1277 1
tar tbf 32 d1280 1 a1280 1
specifies three flags t, d1287 1 a1287 1
The mode options d1291 1 a1291 1
For maximum d1298 1 a1298 1
Additional long d1304 1 a1304 1
Certain security issues are d1318 1 a1318 1
Archive entries can have d1325 1 a1325 1
Archive entries can have d1332 1 a1332 1
Archive entries can exploit d1344 1 a1344 1
To protect yourself, you should d1348 1 a1348 1
tar -tf d1351 1 a1351 1
before extraction. You should d1363 3 a1365 5
bzip2(1), compress(1), cpio(1), gzip(1), mt(1), pax(1), shar(1), xz(1), libarchive(3), libarchive-formats(5), tar(5)
d1369 1 a1369 1There is no current POSIX d1378 1 a1378 1
The ustar and d1384 1 a1384 1
A tar command appeared in d1393 2 a1394 2
This is a complete re-implementation based on the libarchive(3) d1400 1 a1400 1
This program follows ISO/IEC d1406 1 a1406 1
The -C d1410 1 a1410 1
All archive d1419 4 a1422 4 padded. Many compressors, including gzip(1) and bzip2(1), complain about the null padding when decompressing an archive created by tar, although they still extract it correctly.
d1424 1 a1424 1The compression d1429 1 a1429 1
tar -czf - d1432 1 a1432 1
and that generated by
d1434 1 a1434 1tar -cf - file | d1437 1 a1437 1
The default d1441 1 a1441 1
The r and d1447 1 a1447 1
To archive a d1451 1 a1451 1
In create mode, d1455 1 a1455 1
There needs to d1459 1 a1459 1
There is not yet d1462 1 a1462 1
Converting d1467 4 a1470 2 hardlink information.) Debian April 23, 2024 TAR(1)
@ 1.1.1.15 log @libarchive: imported version 3.7.9 @ text @d2 1 a2 1 d52 3 a54 3 extract from tar, pax, cpio, zip, jar, ar, xar, rar, rpm, 7-zip, and ISO 9660 cdrom images and can create tar, pax, cpio, ar, zip, 7-zip, and shar archives. d59 1 a59 2 implementations. See “COMPATIBILITY” below for details. d65 1 a65 1-c
d127 2 a128 2tar -c -f - newfile @@original.tar
d130 18 a147 19writes a new archive to standard output containing a file newfile and all of the entries from original.tar. In contrast,
tar -c -f - newfile original.tar
creates a new archive with only two entries. Similarly,
tar -czf - --format pax @@-
reads an archive from standard input (whose format will be determined automatically) and converts it into a gzip-compressed pax-format archive on stdout. In this way, tar can be used to convert archives from one format to another.
d156 2 a157 2tar -a -cf archive.tgz source.c source.h
d159 2 a160 2creates a new archive with restricted pax format and gzip compression,
d162 2 a163 2tar -a -cf archive.tar.bz2.uu source.c source.h
d165 3 a167 3creates a new archive with restricted pax format and bzip2 compression and uuencode compression,
d169 2 a170 2tar -a -cf archive.zip source.c source.h
d172 2 a173 2creates a new archive with zip format,
d175 2 a176 2tar -a -jcf archive.tgz source.c source.h
d178 3 a180 3ignores the “-j” option, and creates a new archive with restricted pax format and gzip compression,
d182 2 a183 2tar -a -jcf archive.xxx source.c source.h
d185 3 a187 3if it is unknown suffix or no suffix, creates a new archive with restricted pax format and bzip2 compression.
d356 2 a357 3tar -c -f new.tar --include=’*foo*’ @@old.tgz
d359 2 a360 2creates a new archive new.tar containing only the entries from d466 2 a467 4 formats (
including pax restricted, the default tar format for bsdtar )
d658 1 a658 1key=value
d691 1 a691 1iso9660:joliet
d881 2 a882 3If a provided option is not supported by any module, that is a fatal error.
d1036 2 a1037 2 symlinks instead of reporting an error. See the “SECURITY” section below for more details. d1178 2 a1179 2tar -czf file.tar.gz source.c source.h
d1184 1 a1184 1tar -tvf d1190 1 a1190 2
tar -x
d1195 1 a1195 1tar -tf d1201 8 a1208 10
tar -cf - -C srcdir . | tar -xpf - -C destdir
or more traditionally
cd srcdir ; tar -cf - . | (cd destdir ; tar -xpf -)
d1217 11 a1227 11tar -c -f new.tar foo1 @@old.tgz -C/tmp foo2
will create a new archive new.tar. tar will read the file foo1 from the current directory and add it to the output archive. It will then read each entry from old.tgz and add those entries to the output archive. Finally, it will switch to the /tmp directory and add foo2 to the output archive.
d1254 2 a1255 2tar -cf file.tar --format=mtree d1259 2 a1260 2
or you can set the compression level used by gzip or xz compression:
d1262 1 a1262 2tar -czf file.tar d1265 2 a1266 3
For more details, see the explanation of the archive_read_set_options() and d1281 2 a1282 2
tar tbf 32 file.tar
d1284 6 a1289 6specifies three flags t, b, and f. The b and f flags both require arguments, so there must be two additional items on the command line. The 32 is the argument to the b flag, and file.tar is the argument to the f flag.
d1348 3 a1350 4To protect yourself, you should be wary of any archives that come from untrusted sources. You should examine the contents of an archive with
d1352 1 a1352 1tar -tf d1355 9 a1363 10
before extraction. You should use the -k option to ensure that tar will not overwrite any existing files or the -U option to remove any pre-existing files. You should generally not extract archives while running with super-user privileges. Note that the -P option to tar disables the security checks above and allows you to extract an archive while preserving any absolute pathnames, .. components, or symlinks to other directories.
d1435 2 a1436 2tar -czf - file
d1438 1 a1438 2and that generated by
d1440 2 a1441 2tar -cf - file | gzip
d1471 1 a1471 1 information to be lost. This is a consequence of the d1473 1 a1473 1 hardlink information. Debian April 23, 2024 @ 1.1.1.16 log @libarchive: import version 3.8.0 Libarchive 3.8.0 is a feature and bugfix release. New features: bsdtar: support --mtime and --clamp-mtime lib: mbedtls 3.x compatibility 7-zip reader: improve self-extracting archive detection xar: xmllite support for the XAR reader and writer zip writer: added XZ, LZMA, ZSTD and BZIP2 support zip writer: added LZMA + RISCV BCJ filter Notable security fixes: rar: do not skip past EOF while reading rar: fix double free with over 4 billion nodes rar: fix heap-buffer-overflow warc: prevent signed integer overflow tar: fix overflow in build_ustar_entry Notable bugfixes: bsdtar: don't hardlink negative inode files together gz: allow setting the original filename for gzip compressed files lib: improve lseek handling lib: support @@-prefixed Unix epoch timestamps as date strings rar: support large headers on 32 bit systems tar reader: Improve LFS support on 32 bit systems @ text @d2 1 a2 1 a230 6--clamp-mtime
(use with --mtime) Only set the modification time if the file is newer than the date specified in --mtime.
a473 5--mtime date
(c, r, u modes only) Set the modification times of added files to the specified date.
d546 5 a550 5(c, r, u and x mode only) Mac OS X specific. Do not archive or extract ACLs and extended file attributes using copyfile(3) in AppleDouble format. This is the reverse of --mac-metadata. and the default behavior if tar is run as non-root in x @ 1.1.1.17 log @libarchive: import version 3.8.1 @ text @d2 1 a2 1 @ 1.1.1.18 log @libarchive: imported version 3.8.2 @ text @d2 1 a2 1 @ 1.1.1.19 log @libarchive: import version 3.8.3 @ text @d2 1 a2 1 @ 1.1.1.20 log @libarchive: import 3.8.4 @ text @d2 1 a2 1 @ 1.1.1.21 log @libarchive: import version 3.8.5 @ text @d2 1 a2 1 @ 1.1.1.22 log @libarchive: imported version 3.8.6 @ text @d2 1 a2 1 @ 1.1.1.23 log @libarchive: imported version 3.8.7 @ text @d2 1 a2 1 @